Comparative Study of the Effect of Snake Venoms on the Growth of Ciliates Tetrahymena pyriformis: Identification of Venoms with High Antiprotozoal Activity

Cheremnykh, E. G.; Osipov, Alexey V.; Starkov, Vladislav G.; Trang, Nguyễn Thị Thùy; Khoa, Nguyen Cuu; Anh, Hoang Ngoc; Dung, Le Tien; Tsetlin, Victor I.; Utkin, Yuri N.

doi:10.1134/s1607672922020041

Cited by 2 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…So far, antiprotozoal activity has been found in snake venoms from various families and genera, including Asian elapids, as well as Asian, African and American viperids, and Colubrid [ 3 , 8 ]. Together with recent findings [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], these data suggest that antiprotozoal activity may be a widespread property of snake venom.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…As discussed above, our previous studies demonstrated that venoms of different snake species killed a protozoa T. pyriformis with varying effectiveness [ 15 ]. Cobra venom was the most toxic followed by the venom of krait B. multicinctus .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Toxicity of the venom and its fractions to T. pyriformis were measured using a BioLaT-3.2 instrument operating under the AutoCiliataXP program (Europolytest Ltd., Moscow, Russia) essentially, as described [ 15 ]. In brief, infusoria was cultivated in the medium containing 0.5% pancreatic casein hydrolysate (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 0.5% glucose, 0.1% Springer 0251 yeast extract (Bio Springer, Maisons-Alfort, France) and 0.1% NaCl.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We previously used ciliates T. pyriformis as a model organism for screening snake venoms to search for compounds with antiprotozoal activity [ 14 , 15 ] and found that the cobra venoms were the most toxic among them. They were followed by krait venoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, krait venom does not contain cytotoxins. Moreover, phospholipases A2 and L-amino acid oxidase are also unlikely to be the key antiprotozoal components in krait venoms because the B. multicinctus venom is about 20 times more active than the venom of krait B. fasciatus [ 15 ], while the content of phospholipases A2 and L-amino acid oxidase is significantly higher in B. fasciatus venom [ 42 ]. Therefore, there should be a different type of compound responsible for the antiprotozoal activity of the B. multicinctus venom.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Potassium Channel Blocker β-Bungarotoxin from the Krait Bungarus multicinctus Venom Manifests Antiprotozoal Activity

et al. 2023

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Protozoal infections are a world-wide problem. The toxicity and somewhat low effectiveness of the existing drugs require the search for new ways of protozoa suppression. Snake venom contains structurally diverse components manifesting antiprotozoal activity; for example, those in cobra venom are cytotoxins. In this work, we aimed to characterize a novel antiprotozoal component(s) in the Bungarus multicinctus krait venom using the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis as a model organism. To determine the toxicity of the substances under study, surviving ciliates were registered automatically by an original BioLaT-3.2 instrument. The krait venom was separated by three-step liquid chromatography and the toxicity of the obtained fractions against T. pyriformis was analyzed. As a result, 21 kDa protein toxic to Tetrahymena as isolated and its amino acid sequence was determined by MALDI TOF MS and high-resolution mass spectrometry. It was found that antiprotozoal activity was manifested by β-bungarotoxin (β-Bgt) differing from the known toxins by two amino acid residues. Inactivation of β-Bgt phospholipolytic activity with p-bromophenacyl bromide did not change its antiprotozoal activity. Thus, this is the first demonstration of the antiprotozoal activity of β-Bgt, which is shown to be independent of its phospholipolytic activity.

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