Comparative study of the antihypertensive effects of hexane, chloroform and methanol fractions of essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet in rats Wistar

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to characterize components of the EOAz and its hexane (HFEOAz), chloroform (CFEOAz) and methanol (MFEOAz) fractions, and its antihypertensive effect. EOAz was extracted from leaves by hydrodistillation. Aliquot was subjected to selective desorption with silica gel column and eluted with hexane, chloroform and methanol. The components of the EOAz and fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of hydrogen. Experiments of vascular reactivity were performed with isolated aortic rings of male Wistar rats. Antihypertensive effect was evaluated in hypertensive rats submitted to the inhibition of synthesis of nitric oxide. Blood pressure was measured indirectly by tail plethysmography. MFEOAz showed the lowest EC50 (150.45 µg/mL), 1,8-cineole (27.81%) and terpinen-4-ol (57.35%) as main components. Single administration by nasogastric tube of EOAz, fractions and captopril significantly reduced the blood pressure of hypertensive rats, when compared to animals of the negative control group with distilled water. In conclusion, the potency of the MFEOAz was higher than that of EOAz and other fractions. The antihypertensive effect of EOAz and fractions was similar, higher than the negative control and lower than that of captopril.Keywords: Alpinia, phytotherapy, vasodilation, hypertension.RESUMO: Estudo comparativo do efeito anti-hipertensivo das frações hexânixa, clorofórmica e metanólica do óleo essencial da Alpinia zerumbet. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar os componentes do óleo essencial das folhas de Alpinia zerumbet (OEAz) e suas frações hexânica (FHOEAz), clorofórmica (FCOEAz) e metanólica (FMOEAz), e seu efeito anti-hipertensivo. OEAz foi extraído das folhas por hidrodestilação. Uma alíquota foi submetida à desadsorção seletiva com coluna de gel de sílica e eluída com hexano, clorofórmio e metanol. Os componentes do OEAz e fracções foram analisadas por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à detector de massa e por espectros de ressonância magnética nuclear de hidrogênio. Experimentos de reatividade vascular foram realizados com anéis aórticos isolados de ratos Wistar machos. Efeito anti-hipertensivo foi avaliado em ratos hipertensos submetidos à inibição da síntese de óxido nítrico. A pressão arterial foi medida indiretamente por pletismografia de cauda. FMOEAz mostrou a menor CE50 (150,45 μg/mL), 1,8-cineol (27,81%) e terpinen-4-ol (57,35%) como componentes principais. A administração em dose única por sonda nasogástrica de OEAz, frações e captopril reduziu significativamente a pressão arterial de ratos hipertensos, quando comparados aos animais do grupo controle negativo com água destilada. Em conclusão, a potência da FMOEAz foi maior que a do OEAz e outras frações. O efeito anti-hipertensivo de OEAz e frações foi semelhante, maior do que o controle negativo e menor do que o captopril.Palavras-chave: Alpinia, fitoterapia, vasodilação, hipertensão.

Effect of Averrhoa bilimbi Fruit Extract on Blood Pressure and Mean Arterial Pressure of NaCl Induced Hypertensive Rats

“…1,18,24 The control group that receives distilled water has their blood pressure declined, although the blood pressure decline with distilled water intake is not as high as that of furosemide and Averrhoa bilimbi fruit extract intake. This does not conform to the research conducted by Cunha et al (2016) that also uses distilled water as a negative control in the research, but the distilled water does not show any blood pressure decline. 25 Physiologically, body will perform compensation mechanism by stimulating baroreceptor reflex in aortic arch and carotid sinus through sympathetic nervous inhibition to lower heart rate and reduce peripheral resistance.…”

“…This does not conform to the research conducted by Cunha et al (2016) that also uses distilled water as a negative control in the research, but the distilled water does not show any blood pressure decline. 25 Physiologically, body will perform compensation mechanism by stimulating baroreceptor reflex in aortic arch and carotid sinus through sympathetic nervous inhibition to lower heart rate and reduce peripheral resistance. 1,18,26 This 8% solution induction (day 20) and after treatment (day 27).…”

A Comprehensive Review on the Pharmacological Prospects of Terpinen-4-Ol: From Nature to Medicine and Beyond

“…Upon intragastric administration (single dose) of Alpinia zerumbet EO containing T-4-ol (57.35%), the mean arterial pressure dropped significantly in a dose-dependent manner with anti-hypertensive effects extending up to 60 days. Moreover, the EO resulted in concentration-dependent vasorelaxation of rat aortic rings (intact endothelium) that were pre-contracted with phenylephrine [59]. On similar lines, T-4-ol has been reported to stimulate concentration-dependent vasorelaxation in endothelial preparations of isolated rat aorta that had been pre-contracted with a depolarizing solution of K + and phenylephrine [60].…”

“…Interestingly, the deployment of L-arginine structural analogs like L-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) has been shown to induce hypertension in vivo through direct inhibition of NOS activity and NO production [11]. In this context, Cunha et al administered L-NAME (30 mg/kg body weight) for 60 days in Wistar rats to induce chronic hypertension, which coincided with the inhibition of NO synthesis [59]. Upon intragastric administration (single dose) of Alpinia zerumbet EO containing T-4-ol (57.35%), the mean arterial pressure dropped significantly in a dose-dependent manner with anti-hypertensive effects extending up to 60 days.…”

Effects of Essential Oils and Some Constituents from Ingredients of Anti-Cellulite Herbal Compress on 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Rat Aortae

“…The vascular action of the herbal compress could be attributed to some of the major constituents of mixed oil, in particular monoterpenes i.e., α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, 3-carene, D-limonene, camphor, terpinene-4-ol β-citral and α-citral, which were displayed on chromatographic profiles shown in a GC-MS chromatogram ( Figure 6 ). The mechanism of vasorelaxant actions of the mixed oil could involve the endothelium dependent pathway i.e., nitric oxide release, as reported by several studies evaluating vascular actions of the volatile oils and plants containing similar monoterpene profiles [ 7 , 25 , 26 ].…”