Comparative study of TEOS-consolidants for adobe building conservation

Salazar-Hernández, Carmen; Puy-Alquiza, María Jesús; Miranda-Avilés, Raúl; Salazar-Hernández, Mercedes; Mendoza-Miranda, Juan Manuel; Mocada-Sánchez, Cristina Daniela; Ángel-Soto, Julio Del

doi:10.1007/s10971-020-05461-2

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 37 publications

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“…In contrast, Graziani et al tested (applied by brushing) a mixture of TEOS with two organic bases (white spirit and isopropyl alcohol) and increased Giallo Siena and Globigerina limestone specimens’ tensile strength and dynamic modulus by 126% and 63%, respectively . Despite the consolidation efficiency of alkoxysilane products, they have several drawbacks, such as the hydrophobicity effect that lingers for a couple of months, extended curing periods which may last up to a month, and the tendency to crack with aging. ,, Moreover, Sassoni et al observed a pronounced decrease in porosity (up to 62.6%) and impairment of water sorption abilities of the rocks that were treated with TEOS . The same observations were confirmed by Graziani et al…”

Section: Consolidating Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonate Rock Chemical Consolidation Methods: Advancement and Applications

et al. 2022

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Chemical consolidation of rocks is a common practice in the petroleum industry. Usually, this technique is applied to sustain production from unconsolidated or weak sandstone formations and to avoid collapse from aging wells. Recent research has shown the significance of rock hardness in sustaining long-term conductivity of hydraulic fractures in carbonate formations. There are some notable attempts to adapt the techniques used in the cultural heritage industry for strengthening carbonate formations. Moreover, a novel carbonate rock strengthening methodology was developed that involves the mineral transformation of calcite to harder minerals. This work describes the existing techniques for carbonate rock consolidation and provides extensive research on chemicals that are (or can be) used as carbonate rock strengthening agents. Furthermore, this review provides the reaction mechanisms associated with a range of proposed chemicals. Also, laboratory methods that can be used to assess post-treatment hardness and investigate the changes in rock mineralogy are summarized. Finally, the review discusses chemicals with the prospect of their application in petroleum field operations.

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Section: Consolidating Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonate Rock Chemical Consolidation Methods: Advancement and Applications

et al. 2022

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The sol–gel process applied in the stone conservation

Salazar-Hernández

Mendoza-Miranda

2022

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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Conductivity Enhancement of Fractured Carbonates through High-Temperature Diammonium Hydrogen Phosphate Consolidation: A Preliminary Study

et al. 2023

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Summary In well stimulation operations, the ability to sustain long-term conductivity of hydraulic/acid fractures defines an efficient and effective hydrocarbon production operation. However, it is challenging to keep the fracture conductive in the soft and weak carbonate formations due to many challenges. For example, the plastic deformation of rocks causes proppant embedment or asperities failure, resulting in fracture conductivity reduction. Consolidating chemicals, particularly diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP), have shown to be effective in rock consolidation and could reduce the decline in fracture conductivity if applied to carbonate formations. The previous research tested DAP at ambient conditions, whereas this work involves studying the hardening properties of DAP at reservoir conditions. The solutions with two initial concentrations (1 and 0.8 M) were tested at 77°F (ambient), 122°F, and 176°F. Furthermore, a post-treatment analysis was conducted to compare the performance of the chemical under different conditions. The analysis included understanding the changes in carbonate rocks’ (limestone and chalk) hardness (impulse hammer test and indentation test), porosity (helium porosimeter), permeability (steady-state and unsteady state nitrogen injection), and mineralogy [X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)]. Results demonstrated that both rock lithologies reacted efficiently with the DAP solution, presented in terms of the noticeable improvements in their hardness. The elevated temperatures positively affected rock hardness, leading to a more than 100% increase in hardness for most samples. After obtaining successful results from experiments at various temperatures, the pilot American Petroleum Institute (API) conductivity experiments were conducted, testing the conductivity sustenance through the rock hardening concept. Preliminary API conductivity experiments have demonstrated that treated rock samples with DAP provided higher conductivity values than the untreated samples at high stresses. The results shown in this study provide a good foundation for further studies on the implementation of DAP in actual acid/hydraulic fracturing field operations.

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Comparative study of TEOS-consolidants for adobe building conservation

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

Carbonate Rock Chemical Consolidation Methods: Advancement and Applications

Carbonate Rock Chemical Consolidation Methods: Advancement and Applications

The sol–gel process applied in the stone conservation

Conductivity Enhancement of Fractured Carbonates through High-Temperature Diammonium Hydrogen Phosphate Consolidation: A Preliminary Study

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