Comparative study of salinity effects on ionic balance and compatible solutes in nine Iranian table grape (<em>Vitis vinifera</em> L.) genotypes

Abstract

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim&lt;/strong&gt;: To study the salinity tolerance of own rooted grape cuttings taken from nine table grape (&lt;em&gt;Vitis vinifera&lt;/em&gt; L.) genotypes growing in the Urmia Salt Lake region (Iran): LaaleBidaneh, Gharashani, Sachagh, Shahroodi, LaaleSefid, Khalili, Chawga, GhezelUzum and Gharagandomeh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods and results&lt;/strong&gt;: Plants were treated with nutrient solutions containing 0, 25, 50 and 100 mM NaCl for two weeks. Shoot and root growth and dry weights (DW) were significantly (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;0.05) reduced in all treatments. Chloride (Cl&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;) and sodium (Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;) ions highly accumulated in the various parts of the vines with increasing external NaCl concentration. Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; accumulation exceeded that of Cl&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; in all treatments and all genotypes. However, Gharashani showed a higher ability to restrict Cl&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; and Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; accumulation in lamina (1.08% of DW and 2.56% of DW, respectively) in comparison to the other genotypes, particularly to GhezelUzum (4.1% of DW and 9.10% of DW, respectively), which showed intensive leaf burn symptoms. Lamina soluble sugar, proline and glycine betaine contents increased with increasing salinity. Correlation analysis (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;0.01) indicated that there was a high positive correlation between Cl&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; and Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; contents and osmolyte accumulation in lamina.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion&lt;/strong&gt;: Taken together, it seems that Gharashani and GhezelUzum, respectively, had a higher and a lower capacity to alleviate salt stress symptoms when compared to the other genotypes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Significance and impact of the study&lt;/strong&gt;: Salinity is a serious environmental stress in the regions around Urmia Salt Lake and grapevine is one of the most economically important fruit crops in Urmia. Therefore, screening the native grape genotypes for salt tolerance and using the tolerant genotypes directly as rootstocks or producing hybrids with desirable traits could be one of the improvement programs for viticulture in this area.&lt;/p&gt;

The effect of salt stress on ion accumulation, photosynthesis and compatible solute contents in four grapevine (Vitis vinifera) genotypes

“…Under saline conditions in some plants, particularly in grapevines, sodium remains in the roots and stems and chloride accumulated in the shoots. Therefore, control of Cltransport and Clexclusion from shoots is correlated with salt tolerance (Mohammadkhani et al, 2013). In our study, GharaUzum and Keshmeshi had respectively lower and higher Claccumulation in petioles and lamina at 100 mM NaCl.…”

“…Others have challenged the value of these solutes as positive indicator for resistance to salt stress. Mohammadkhani et al, (2013) reported that hyper accumulation of soluble sugars is not essential for improving salinity tolerance in grapevines and it is just a symptom of salt stress. The soluble sugar content in roots and laminas increased with increasing salinity in all of our genotypes.…”

Effects of Salinity on Phenolic Compounds in Tolerant and Sensitive Grapes

“…In this study four grape genotypes were compared from the view point of phenolic compounds under salinity. In previous experiments 18 grape genotypes was screened based on salinity tolerance (Mohammadkhani et al 2013(Mohammadkhani et al , 2014. The genotypes with higher (Gharashani and H6) and lower (Shirazi and GhezelUzum) salinity tolerance selected for determining phenolic compounds.…”

Salinity effects on expression of some important genes in sensitiveand tolerant grape genotypes

“…In the present study, the expression of genes associated with salinity tolerance was compared in four grape genotypes. In previous experiments we screened 18 grape genotypes from the viewpoint of salt-tolerance parameters (Mohammadkhani et al, 2013(Mohammadkhani et al, , 2014. Genotypes with lower (GhezelUzum and Shirazi) and higher (H6 and Gharashani) capacity for salinity tolerance were selected for molecular analysis.…”