Comparative Study of Psychiatric Manifestations among Type I and Type II Diabetic Patients

Abstract

Background:Anxiety and depressive disorders belong to the most common psychiatric disorders worldwide. They are generally seen in individuals who suffer from chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus (DM). The prevalence of depression among diabetics ranges from 8.5% to 32.5%, while that for anxiety it is up to 30%. In this study, we try to compare the mental health problems faced by those with Type I and Type II DM.Materials and Methods:Fifty patients diagnosed with Type I diabetes (T1D) and Type II diabetes each presenting to Medicine and Endocrinology Department were assessed with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) for depression and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) for anxiety. Patients were assessed on sociodemographic profile, duration of illness, type of treatment and then the data were analyzed on different domains.Results:On the assessment of patients with HAM-D a total of 38% with T1D were found to be depressed, and 42% patients with Type II diabetes had depression. Similarly, on assessment of anxiety with HAM-A, a total of 44% with T1D had anxiety. In patients with Type II diabetes, a total of 34% patients suffer from anxiety.Conclusion:The study concludes that Type I and Type II are slightly different in terms of associated psychiatric illnesses. In those with psychiatric illness, they do less well in terms of improving their overall diabetes control. The wider implication is that all the patients with diabetes should be regularly assessed for psychological problems. There needs to be greater psychological/psychiatric support available to intensive diabetes clinics.

More anxious than depressed: prevalence and correlates in a 15-nation study of anxiety disorders in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…Among hospitalised patients with type 2 diabetes 50.6% were identified as suffering from anxiety which was independently associated with physical inactivity 9. Approximately similar prevalence rates were observed in two studies of patients with type 2 diabetes, with physical inactivity and poor social support being explanatory factors 9 10…”

“…Another study in Saudi Arabia, using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, reported a prevalence of 3.3% of people with diabetes compared with 5% of controls with no significant difference 31. Among hospitalised patients with type 2 diabetes 50.6% were identified as suffering from anxiety which was independently associated with physical inactivity 9. Approximately similar prevalence rates were observed in two studies of patients with type 2 diabetes, with physical inactivity and poor social support being explanatory factors 9 10…”

Association between depression, anxiety and quality of life among patients with diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension in a tertiary care railway hospital in India: A cross-sectional study

“…[ 13 ] A study from Northern India also found more female diabetics to be having anxiety symptoms than their male counterpart. [ 15 ] The female endocrinological uniqueness, the social stressors faced by women, and the restrictive work roles in this country can be some of the reasons that can explain this predilection.…”

Factors for Social Stressors Among Type 2 Diabetics Versus Non-Diabetics Using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale

“…Similarly, in another study, using the HAM-D scale, 34% of type II diabetics were found to have depression and anxiety. The above studies reported that diabetic patients that were depressed were severely affected in their daily routine activities [ 28 ]. Likewise in our study as well, depressed patient's daily activities were severely affected (p=0.007).…”