“…The characteristic peaks at 1598 and 1562 cm −1 are assigned to the C C stretching modes of the quinoid ring in the emeraldine base and emeraldine salt, respectively. The peak at 1489 cm −1 corresponds to the C C stretching mode of the benzenoid ring of the leucoemeraldine component [16,17,19]. The peaks at 1302 and 1162 cm −1 correspond to C N stretching of the secondary aromatic amine and C N stretching, respectively.…”