Comparative study of physical and virtual fabric parameters: physical versus virtual drape test using commercial 3D garment software

Enhancing Biosignal Quality in Electrocardiogram Monitoring Garments: Validation of a Simulation-Based Contact Pressure Model

“…In Figure , the material digitization requires the accurate measurement of the physical properties of textile samples, including weight, thickness, bending, and tensile properties, to emulate their mechanical behavior in a virtual environment. , In this study, the CLO Fabric Testing Kit 2.0 was used to acquire these properties for further compatibility with the CLO 3D software. Upon inputting the necessary data into the simulator in CLO 3D, the properties were automatically calculated as “digitized physical properties” such as the stretch stiffness (weft, warp, bias) direction, which can be downloaded as a 3D digitized physical property file (material digitization file, zfab format).…”

“…In biomonitoring garments, previous research suggests that an optimal pressure range of 1−2 kPa is preferred for ECG armband designs. 7 The plaited INT fabric, when stretched to 5%, is a viable option for such applications.…”

“…25 Although the direct application of Laplace's law, which links tension to pressure in fluid contexts, may not be straightforward in textiles, the principle that tension influences pressure is fundamental. 7 The elastic modulus thereby serves as an essential indicator of how textile materials will behave under load, particularly in how they exert pressure when they are in contact with a surface. As illustrated in methodology (Figure 2), we evaluated elastic modulus behavior by segmenting the stress−strain curve into three different regions: I, II, and III.…”

“…Overcoming these design challenges requires an in-depth understanding of the textile interface and mechanical parameters, including yarn types, knit structures, stitch density, and the mechanical properties inherent to textiles, such as elastic modulus. 6,7 The existing literature largely relies on theoretical models for designing the contact pressure in functional garments. Laplace's law relates pressure, tension, and the radius of circular body surfaces with modifications incorporating textileinherent properties like elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio to predict garment pressure.…”

“…Yet, practical implementation from theoretical pressure values faces numerous hurdles, including the absence of detailed guidelines for material selection, garment sizing, and accommodating body dimensions and movement dynamics, highlighting incompatible manufacturing processes. Overcoming these design challenges requires an in-depth understanding of the textile interface and mechanical parameters, including yarn types, knit structures, stitch density, and the mechanical properties inherent to textiles, such as elastic modulus. , …”