Comparative study of mineral chemistry of four biotite types as geochemical indicators of mineralized and barren intrusions in the Sungun Porphyry Cu-Mo deposit, northwestern Iran

Moshefi, Parinesa; Hosseinzadeh, Mahnaz; Moayyed, Mohsen; Lentz, David R.

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.05.003

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The major-element contents of the Lizhuang biotites are close to the obtained results for those biotites from other geological settings such as porphyry mineralization systems (e.g., Moshefi et al, 2018;Parsapoor et al, 2015), but tend to be more enriched in F. This sup- (Figure 8b). Increasing F in biotite from generation I to generation II is consistent with the field observations of the Lizhuang deposit where F-bearing phase such as fluorite typically increases from early to late stage during the evolution of the ore-forming system.…”

Section: Fluorine In Biotite As An Exploration Vectorsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…(b) The relationship between X Mg and FeO tot in biotite is a function of fluid composition, temperature and pressure (Munoz, 1984). This is indicated in the composition of each generation of Lizhuang biotites ( (Figure 7d), those forming under the same physicochemical conditions yield the same trend (Moshefi et al, 2018). (c) Experimental studies have demonstrated that F contents in biotite will increase with the decrease of temperature, which is linked to an increasing crystal/liquid ratio, and is not distinctly affected by pressure (e.g., Edgar & Arima, 1985).…”

Section: Implication For Ree Mineralization In a Carbonatite-relatementioning

confidence: 89%

“…The chlorine content is negligible in both of the two biotite generations (Tables 1 and 2 (Moshefi et al, 2018). Therefore, it is convenient for comparative purposes to define a F intercept [IV(F)]…”

Section: Halogen Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This mineral is widely considered as an ideal monitor for various geologic processes, because it covers a wide range of crystallization conditions and is sensitive to diverse physicochemical factors associated with both early magmatic and late hydrothermal activities, including the concentration of water, halogen fugacity, ore deposition, and oxidation–reduction state (Ayati, Yavuz, Noghreyan, Haroni, & Yavuz, 2008; Siahcheshm et al, 2012). Hence, geochemical analyses of biotite has been a developing subject of recent ore deposit studies (e.g., Moshefi, Hosseinzadeh, Moayyed, & Lentz, 2018; Tang et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contrasting composition of two biotite generations in the Lizhuang rare‐earth element deposit, Sichuan Province, Southwestern China

Shu

Liu

2020

Geological Journal

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Biotite is an important silicate mineral that can be used to decipher the physicochemical attributes of magmatic or hydrothermal systems. The Lizhuang rare‐earth element (REE) deposit in Sichuan Province, Southwestern China, formed from continuous magmatic‐hydrothermal processes is related to a Cenozoic carbonatite–syenite complex. Biotites are abundant in this deposit, which can be divided into two generations: generation I in intergrown with alkaline feldspar and aegirine‐augite and generation II in association with bastnäsite‐(Ce). We investigated chemical composition of the two biotite generations using electron‐microprobe(EMPA) and laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometer (LA–ICP–MS) analyses to understand the development of REE mineralization. Generation I biotite has relatively high Al2O3 (10.2–12.4 wt%), TiO2 (0.49–1.85 wt%), and FeOtot (12.2–15.9 wt%), but low SiO2 (40.0–42.5 wt%) contents compared to generation II counterpart. These two generations of biotite also differ in some key trace elements. Specifically, generation I biotite has much higher concentrations of Sr (up to 234 ppm) and Ba (up to 20,796 ppm), but lower levels of Li (47.5–126 ppm) with respect to its generation II counterpart. When comparing Lizhuang biotites with those of other barren carbonatite complexes, we identified an unusual compositional trend in the generation II biotites termed as fluorphlogopite trend. This trend is marked by the continuous increase in the Mg content towards mineralization and, therefore, can serve as a diagnostic attribute in the determination of mineralized carbonatite complexes. Fluorine in biotite is an important parameter that can be used as a vector for REE exploration, because the generation II biotite presents much higher fluorine contents (2.20–4.06 wt%) than its generation I counterpart (0.87–1.59 wt%). The compositional data of the two biotite generations indicate a depletion of Fe and a progressive enrichment in Mg and F in the ore‐forming system during its evolutionary process. Physicochemical parameters estimated by biotite composition suggest that there is a trend of strongly decreasing temperature from the crystallization of generation I to generation II biotite. It is therefore concluded that temperature is a major factor favourable for REE mineralization in the Lizhuang deposit, particularly given related experimental studies. Taken together, we propose that biotite composition could serve as a proxy for REE mineralization processes and as a reliable index for REE routine exploration in a carbonatite‐related setting.

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Section: Fluorine In Biotite As An Exploration Vectorsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Implication For Ree Mineralization In a Carbonatite-relatementioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Halogen Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contrasting composition of two biotite generations in the Lizhuang rare‐earth element deposit, Sichuan Province, Southwestern China

Shu

Liu

2020

Geological Journal

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“…In the copper belt of Iran, late and unmineralized dykes genetically related with the mineralized porphyry occur at Sarcheshmeh, Sara, [1,7]; (b) geologic map of Northwestern Iran, showing the locations of Mesozoic and Cenozoic igneous rocks and associated porphyry, epithermal, and Carlin-like deposits [7]. The location of the Sungun porphyry Cu-Mo deposit in the Sahand-Bazman belt is shown by a star [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Mineralization, Cogenetic Magmatism at the Sungun Cu-Mo Porphyry Deposit (Northwest Iran): Protracted Melting and Extraction in an Arc System

et al. 2018

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The Sungun porphyry ore deposit is located in Eastern Azarbaijan province, Northwestern Iran. The oldest intrusive pulse in the region is a quartz-monzonite pluton, which hosts the porphyry copper-molybdenum mineralization. The Sungun Copper Mine includes the mineralized Sungun porphyry as well as six groups of cross-cutting and lithologically distinct post-mineralization dykes. The composition of these dykes ranges from quartz diorite, gabbro, diorite, dacite, lamprophyre, and microdiorite. Quartz diorite and dacite dykes are the oldest and youngest dykes, respectively. Based on their cross-cutting relationships, the composition of the dykes tend to become more primitive through time. The dykes strike Northwest–Southeast with Southwest dip, sub-parallel to the reverse faults within the deposit area. The lamprophyric dykes range from phonotephrite, to trachybasalt, tephrite, and basanite. The quartz-monzonite porphyry (SP) and the post-mineralization dykes (DK1-DK3) have clear and distinct negative anomalies of Ti, Zr, P, Pr, Ce, and Nb, as well as positive anomalies of Cs, U, K, Pb, and Nd with respect to primitive mantle. Microdioritic dykes (MDI) show depletion of Ti, Nb, P, Ta, Th, Yb, and Zr, and enrichment of Cs, Ba, U, Pb, Nd. The similarities in trace element abundances and patterns in the porphyry and post-mineralization calc-alkaline dykes implies a single source and fractional crystallization as the main mechanism controlling magmatic evolution in a collisional environment. Lamprophyric dykes have enrichment of LREE and LILE and depletion of HREE and HFSE such as Ti, Nb, and Ta. The parent magma of the lamprophyric dykes (LAM) was likely derived by low degrees of melting of a garnet lherzolite mantle peridotite. The 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd ratios range from 0.704617 to 0.706464 and from 0.512648 to 0.512773 for the dykes suggesting that the parental magmas came from a progressively more enriched mantle. Isotope ratios of 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd support a cogenetic relationship of porphyry and calc-alkaline dykes, except for the microdiorite ones. A common primary melt underwent gravity differentiation in a deep magmatic chamber to form a dioritic magma. This subsequently migrated to shallower levels to evolve further and feed individual dyke groups into the Sungun porphyry.

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Biotite composition as a tracer of fluid evolution and mineralization center: a case study at the Qulong porphyry Cu-Mo deposit, Tibet

KeLong

Zhao

et al. 2022

Miner Deposita

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Comparative study of mineral chemistry of four biotite types as geochemical indicators of mineralized and barren intrusions in the Sungun Porphyry Cu-Mo deposit, northwestern Iran

Cited by 29 publications

References 41 publications

Contrasting composition of two biotite generations in the Lizhuang rare‐earth element deposit, Sichuan Province, Southwestern China

Contrasting composition of two biotite generations in the Lizhuang rare‐earth element deposit, Sichuan Province, Southwestern China

Post-Mineralization, Cogenetic Magmatism at the Sungun Cu-Mo Porphyry Deposit (Northwest Iran): Protracted Melting and Extraction in an Arc System

Biotite composition as a tracer of fluid evolution and mineralization center: a case study at the Qulong porphyry Cu-Mo deposit, Tibet

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