Comparative study of metal clusters induced in aqueous solutions by γ-rays, electron or C6+ ion beam irradiation

Bimetallic Au-Pt nanoparticles synthesized by radiolysis: Application in electro-catalysis

“…2-and AuCl 4 -leads to formation of Au core -Pt shell NPs of typical diameter 3-4 nm at low dose rate (by -irradiation), or to alloyed Au-Pt nanoparticles of typical diameter 2-3 nm at high dose rate (electron beam irradiation). 24 This difference in the NP structure is due to electron transfer from Pt complexes or nascent Pt 0 induced by radiolysis to gold complexes (Au III or Au I ) occurring only at low dose rate when the reduction kinetics is slow. At high dose rate, the reduction of all ions can be achieved rapidly before any intermetallic electron transfer can occur, leading to alloyed nanoparticles.…”

“…Indeed, different experiments have already confirmed the alloyed structure of the Au-Pt nanoparticles synthesized by electron beams (UV-vis, selected energy X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), selected area electron diffraction (SAED)). 24 …”

“…Radiolytic reduction of metal ions in solution is an efficient process to synthesize bimetallic nanoparticles of controlled size and structure. 18,19,20 Different bimetallic nanoparticles have been synthesized by this technique as either core-shell particles or alloys, depending on the dose rate, such as: Au-Ag, 21 Au-Pd, 22,23 Au-Pt, 24 Ag-Pd 25 ... The hydrated electrons and the reducing radicals produced during the radiolysis of the solvent are used to reduce metal ions.…”

Synthesis of graphene using gamma radiations

“…[26][27][28][29] The dose rate has significant effect on the above-mentioned features of the product. 30 It has been reported that the interaction between the γ-radiations and the multi-walled carbon nanotubes with the absorbed dose of 150 kGy destroyed the nanostructure of carbons, leading to the formation of diamond-like structures and carbon oxides. In addition, γ-irradiation with an absorbed dose of 100 kGy improved graphitization and surface properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubes while at higher absorbed dose (150 kGy), it resulted in damaged structures.…”

Bimetallic Au-Pd and Ag-Pd Clusters Synthesised by $\gamma $ or Electron Beam Radiolysis and Study of the Reactivity/Structure Relationships in the Selective Hydrogenation of Buta-1,3-Diene

“…Radiation-induced reduction of metal ions is a powerful method to control the synthesis of mono-and multimetallic nanoparticles and supported clusters [2,[14][15][16][17][18]. It has been shown that the structure of bimetallic nanoparticles, such as gold-silver, gold-palladium or gold-platinum systems [15,[17][18], depends on the irradiation dose rate because of the competition between the radiolytic reduction and the electron transfer reaction from the less noble metal atoms to the other metal cations. At high dose rate (with electron beams), the reduction is sudden and faster than a possible inter-metal electron transfer and genuine alloyed clusters are formed.…”