Comparative Study of Hydraulic Simulation Techniques for Water Supply Networks under Earthquake Hazard

Abstract

Water supply facilities such as waterworks systems are facilities that supply residential and industrial water essential for humans to live and it is essential for these facilities to be prepared for earthquake hazards. In the present study, new hydraulic analysis procedures that can complement problems in existing model were proposed for performance quantification under seismic hazards. Detailed procedures for estimating the serviceability of water supply networks using pressure dependent demand (PDD) and pressure dependent leakage (PDL) techniques were proposed. The developed methodologies can simulate many pipe leakage and breakage situations more realistically. The methodologies were applied to representative pipe networks to investigate the models and new performance quantification indicators were additionally presented. The developed models are judged to be usable as a basic tool finding for guidelines because they can simultaneously quantify the amount of leakage calculated from the viewpoint of suppliers as well as the water availability of consumers when an earthquake hazard has occurred.

Emerging Issues and Methodologies for Resilient and Robust Water Distribution Systems

“…Earthquakes are one of the most representative natural disaster events that result in catastrophic failure consequences to WDS (e.g., multiple pipe breaks and power outages of pump stations), primarily because of a severe ground shift. Balut et al [9], Li et al [11] and Yoo et al [2] contributed to WDS performance quantification and recovery under seismic events. Note that a pressure-driven analysis (PDA) was performed for a realistic network simulation under abnormal conditions in the three papers [2,9,11], although only Yoo et al [2] used a full PDA approach that solved pressure-dependent nodal demands, pipe flows and nodal pressures simultaneously via a modified gradient method.…”

“…Li et al [11] introduced a seismic reliability quantification method considering two different types of acute stress, pipe leakage and breakage and fire flow simultaneously in an earthquake simulation. Yoo et al [2] proposed a revised Reliability EVAluation model for seismic hazard for water supply NETwork (REVAS.NET) model [18] to implement PDA capability for a realistic leakage and pipe breakage simulation. In addition, a new surrogate measure of the WDS performance under earthquakes, the leakage ratio index, was developed to quantify the ratio of the amount of the total system leakage to the required total system demand.…”

“…The daily average numbers of views are also included in parentheses in Table 1. The papers are sorted in the order of publication date (Jun and Kwon [1], Yoo et al [2], Choi and Kim [3], Diao et al [4], Lee at al. [5], Jung et al [6], Lee et al [7], Kim et al [8], Balut et al [9], Lee et al [10], Li et al [11]).…”

“…[5], Jung et al [6], Lee et al [7], Kim et al [8], Balut et al [9], Lee et al [10], Li et al [11]). Among the 11 papers, Yoo et al [2] received the largest number of full-text views, whereas the abstract of Kim et al [8] was viewed the most often. The average daily views of the papers tended to increase for papers published towards the due date of the Special Issue because the daily number of views tended to decrease over time.…”

System for Increasing the Seismic Safety of Pipelines in the Water Supply and Distribution Networks

“…Among the dynamic actions to which the buried pipes must undergo stress are also those from the street traffic due to transport, the hydrodynamic pressure resulting from a sudden or very rapid change of the water flow regime, and among the most significant, seismic action [2]. The establishment of the category of behaviour of the circular section pipes is of particular importance for defining, as accurately as possible, the calculation models and then determining the state of strains and deformations as close as possible to the real state [3]. Even for low dynamic actions, such as those arising from heavy-duty transport or ram impact, solutions to protect the water pipeline are inefficient and for seismic actions they are totally lacking.…”