Comparative study of high temperature composites

New Generation of Geopolymer Composite for Fire-Resistance

“…The nature flammability of the organic polymer matrix (Marsh, 2002), however, limits the use of these materials in ground transportation (Hathaway, 1991), submarine and ships (Demarco, 1991), and commercial aircraft (Davidovits, 1991), where restricted egress of fire hazard is an important design consideration, although traditional fibers, such as carbon and glass fibers or new developed, high temperature, thermal-oxidative stable fibers from boron, silicon carbide and ceramic are inherently fire resistant (Papakonstantinou et al, 2001). In other word, most of organic matrix composites cannot be used in applications that require more than 200 o C of temperature exposure.…”

“…In these cases of applications, composites based on carbon matrix or ceramic matrices are being exploited. However, use of these materials is even strongly limited, due to high cost accompany with special and high-thermal processing requirements (Papakonstantinou et al, 2001;Papakonstantinou & Balaguru 2005). In 1978, Joseph Davidovits proposed that binders could be produced by a polymeric reaction of alkaline liquids with the silicon and the aluminum in source materials of geological origin or by-product materials such as fly ash and rice husk ash (Davidovits, 1999).…”

“…After approximately several hours of curing, these materials exhibit excellent features such as lightweight and high strength but are also ideally fire resistant, with non toxic fumes and smokes, and resist all organic solvents (Lyon et al, 1997;Davidovits, 2002Davidovits, , 2005Davidovits, , 2008Duxson et al, 2007). These special properties permit us to use geopolymer matrix composites more efficiently in high-tech technologies such as aerospace, naval architecture, ground transportation or automotive industry, especially for those applications that require high temperature resistance (Lyon et al, 1997;Papakonstantinou et al, 2001;Davidovits, 2002Davidovits, , 2008. Geopolymer composites can efficiently replace lightweight, high strength composites which are made from carbon or glass fibers and ceramic matrices or organic matrices due to high costs associated with special ceramic processing requirements and impossibility of the application of most organic matrix composites at temperatures above 200 °C (Papakonstantinou et al 2001;Papakonstantinou & Balaguru, 2005).…”

“…These special properties permit us to use geopolymer matrix composites more efficiently in high-tech technologies such as aerospace, naval architecture, ground transportation or automotive industry, especially for those applications that require high temperature resistance (Lyon et al, 1997;Papakonstantinou et al, 2001;Davidovits, 2002Davidovits, , 2008. Geopolymer composites can efficiently replace lightweight, high strength composites which are made from carbon or glass fibers and ceramic matrices or organic matrices due to high costs associated with special ceramic processing requirements and impossibility of the application of most organic matrix composites at temperatures above 200 °C (Papakonstantinou et al 2001;Papakonstantinou & Balaguru, 2005). In addition, wide scale of reinforcement fibers can be used, and special matrices can protect carbon from oxidation (Papakonstantinou et al, 2001;Sheppar, 2007).…”

Effects of heat-treatment temperature on carbon-based composites with added illite

“…One approach entails coating the carbon fibers or the composite with an antioxidant layer, whereas the other involves the direct addition of antioxidant fillers into the matrix [7]. Accordingly, ceramic materials such as SiO 2 , MoSi 2 , ZrB 2 , SiB 4 , and Si 3 N 4 have been used to improve the oxidation stability of the composites [8,9]. However, these ceramic fillers are expensive and can adversely affect human health [8].…”