Comparative Study of Essential Oils Extracted from Egyptian Basil Leaves (Ocimum basilicum L.) Using Hydro-Distillation and Solvent-Free Microwave Extraction

Abstract

Solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) and conventional hydro-distillation (HD) were used for the extraction of essential oils (EOs) from Egyptian sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) leaves. The two resulting EOs were compared with regards to their chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. The EO analyzed by GC and GC-MS, presented 65 compounds constituting 99.3% and 99.0% of the total oils obtained by SFME and HD, respectively. The main components of both oils were linalool (43.5% SFME; 48.4% HD), followed by methyl chavicol (13.3% SFME; 14.3% HD) and 1,8-cineole (6.8% SFME; 7.3% HD). Their antioxidant activity were studied with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH ‚ ) radical scavenging method. The heating conditions effect was evaluated by the determination of the Total Polar Materials (TPM) content. The antimicrobial activity was investigated against five microorganisms: two Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, two Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and one yeast, Candida albicans. Both EOs showed high antimicrobial, but weak antioxidant, activities. The results indicated that the SFME method may be a better alternative for the extraction of EO from O. basilicum since it could be considered as providing a richer source of natural antioxidants, as well as strong antimicrobial agents for food preservation.

Phytochemical Identification and Anti-Oxidant Study of Essential Oil Constituents of Ocimum basilicum L. Growing in Iraq

“…1 It is present in India, Malaysia, Australia and some Arab countries. 1,2 Ocimum basilicum (Ob) is used traditionally for longevity and healthy life purposes due to its revitalizing and tonic effects. flower and leaves are used as aromatic, carminative, antispasmodic and galactogogue.…”

Research on the quality assurance of fermented dairy products with addition of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants

“…Today, it is cultivated all over the world. Traditionally, the basil leaves are used in folk medicine as a remedy for a large number of diseases, including cancer, diarrhea, nausea, gout, convulsion, sore throat, toothaches, epilepsy and bronchitis [5]. According to Marwat et al (2011), basil has a high protein content (3.15 g / 100 g), Vitamin C (18 mg/100 g), Vitamin E, Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Calcium (177 mg/100 g), Iron (3.17 mg/ 100g), Magnesium (64 mg/100g), and Sodium.…”

One-pot synthesis and antimicrobial activity of new 4,6-disubstituted-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-thiones

“…were tested using diffusion well technique [24][25][26]. The antimicrobial activity of all tested thiones (3a-f) and standards antimicrobial agents (Cephalaxin.H2O and Amphotericin B) were given in Table 1.…”

“…The in vitro antimicrobial activity of pyrimidine-2-thione derivatives (3a-f) was determined by the wells diffusion method [24][25][26] (Table 1). For these assays, cultures of the following microorganisms were used: two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633)), one Gram-negative (Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922)) bacteria, and fungal strains (Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp.…”