Comparative study of distraction versus topical anesthesia for pediatric pain management during immunizations.

Cohen, Lindsey L.; Blount, Ronald L.; Cohen, Rachelle Jansevics; Schaen, Elizabeth R.; Zaff, Jon F.

doi:10.1037//0278-6133.18.6.591

Cited by 38 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…Similar to our study results (the superiority of the animation distraction over lignocaine), Cohen et al observed among the 39 young children undergoing IV cannulation that cartoon distraction is more effective in reducing distress in children undergoing procedures under local anesthesia [27].…”

Section: Vas Scoresupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparison of Animation Distraction Versus Local Anesthetic Application for Pain Alleviation in Children Undergoing Intravenous Cannulation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Thomas,

Unnikrishnan,

2023

Cureus

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Background Medical procedures induce behavioral discomfort, fear, and worry in children and their families, worsening their agony. Reading, playing video games, and watching television lessen anxiety and discomfort. This study aims to compare the pain reduction in children using animation distraction and two percent lignocaine with the control group undergoing intravenous (IV) cannulation using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at a tertiary care hospital in Kolenchery, Kerala, South India, and to study the clinico-social factors influencing pain reduction in children undergoing IV cannulation. Materials and methods This is an open-label, randomized controlled trial study of 60 children admitted in a pediatric ward, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), or emergency department randomly assigned to either two percent lignocaine application, animation distraction, or control during intravenous cannulation. Children aged six to twelve years requiring IV cannulation for different illnesses were included. Twenty children were randomly assigned to the lignocaine group, twenty to the distraction group, and twenty to the control group. The visual analogue scale was used to measure the subjective pain intensity of the children during IV cannulation. We did statistical analysis using SPSS software version 21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results Age, gender, previous history of cannulation, site, and size of the cannula were not significantly different between the groups. We did not relate the education of the mother to the VAS scores. The mean VAS score for pain at zero, one, and five minutes was lower in the distraction group compared to the lignocaine and control groups. The mean VAS score for pain at zero, one, and five minutes was not superior among the lignocaine group compared to the control group. Conclusion Based on the findings, animation distraction is preferable to lignocaine to alleviate pain in children requiring IV cannulation for a variety of disorders. Distraction is one of the nonpharmacological techniques that seek to alleviate pain by encouraging the patient to focus on something other than the current procedure. In addition to reducing pain and anxiety during excruciating invasive interventions, distraction techniques reduce the number of interventions required and allow for the completion of interventions in less time.

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Section: Vas Scoresupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparison of Animation Distraction Versus Local Anesthetic Application for Pain Alleviation in Children Undergoing Intravenous Cannulation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Thomas,

Unnikrishnan,

2023

Cureus

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Psychological interventions for needle-related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents

Birnie

Noel

Chambers

et al. 2018

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

351

241

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L’ajustement du jeune enfant au stress de l’examen médical avec vaccination : une revue de la littérature

Favez

2012

Journal de Pédiatrie et de Puériculture

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State of the art Coping with immunization stress in infants and toddlers has several implications. First, it helps to prevent that parents avoid immunizations for their children. Second, it allows lowering the pain due to the injection itself. Third, it prevents children to live the medical exam as a traumatic experience. However, literature in this domain is scarce and most often devoted to children aged of 6 years and beyond. The aim of this paper is to operate a synthesis of the existing researches in order to highlight the variables upon which practitioners may act upon to help children to cope with the stress of the vaccination.Method We propose in this paper a review of the research literature by selecting prominent references in the scientific databases (e.g. PsycInfo, PubMed, Google Scholar).Results Fundamental researches have shown that children coping in medical settings depends on individual (e.g. temperament) and relational (e.g. attachment) factors.Applied researches have allowed to test preparatory procedures at a physiological (e.g. topical anesthetics) or at a psychological level (e.g. distraction). They show that the parent may be coached to help the child to cope with the immunization stress. ConclusionThe synthesis of the researches shows the overall efficacy of preparatory procedures. There is however an individual variability depending on the regulation skills of the child and of the parent, and on their attachment relationship. Practitioners should take these factors into account to chose which preparatory procedure, if any, is to be applied.

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Comparative study of distraction versus topical anesthesia for pediatric pain management during immunizations.

Cited by 38 publications

References 22 publications

Comparison of Animation Distraction Versus Local Anesthetic Application for Pain Alleviation in Children Undergoing Intravenous Cannulation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Comparison of Animation Distraction Versus Local Anesthetic Application for Pain Alleviation in Children Undergoing Intravenous Cannulation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Psychological interventions for needle-related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents

L’ajustement du jeune enfant au stress de l’examen médical avec vaccination : une revue de la littérature

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