Comparative study of disinfectants for use in low-cost gravity driven household water purifiers

Abstract

Point-of-use (POU) gravity-driven household water purifiers have been proven to be a simple, low-cost and effective intervention for reducing the impact of waterborne diseases in developing countries. The goal of this study was to compare commonly used water disinfectants for their feasibility of adoption in low-cost POU water purifiers. The potency of each candidate disinfectant was evaluated by conducting a batch disinfection study for estimating the concentration of disinfectant needed to inactivate a given concentration of the bacterial strain Escherichia coli ATCC 11229. Based on the concentration of disinfectant required, the size, weight and cost of a model purifier employing that disinfectant were estimated. Model purifiers based on different disinfectants were compared and disinfectants which resulted in the most safe, compact and inexpensive purifiers were identified. Purifiers based on bromine, tincture iodine, calcium hypochlorite and sodium dichloroisocyanurate were found to be most efficient, cost effective and compact with replacement parts costing US$3.60-6.00 for every 3,000 L of water purified and are thus expected to present the most attractive value proposition to end users.

Hydrogen Peroxide Stability in Silica Hydrogels

“…Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is an environmentally friendly oxidant with a broad range of industrial applications, such as pulp and textile bleaching, tooth whitening, skin disinfection, and water treatment. − H 2 O 2 is a very attractive candidate as an antifouling agent in marine coatings, and it is an efficient oxidant in organic syntheses in the form of the urea–H 2 O 2 adduct . Uranium can be recovered from its solid waste as uranium peroxide by using H 2 O 2 .…”

The Use of Silver Nanoparticles in Water Treatment, Wastewater Treatment and Recycling

“…Patil a spol. 12 provedli srovnávací studii dezinfekčních prostředků využívaných v domácích úpravnách vody. Jako testovací voda byla použita podzemní voda s uměle naočkovaným bakteriálním kmenem Escherichia coli ATCC11229, odpovídající koncentraci 10 6 KTJ ml −1 .…”

Antibacterial Effect of Colloidal Solutions of Silver Nanoparticles on Microorganisms of Cereal Crops

“…In a comparative study of disinfectants, the potency of silver ions, derived from AgNO 3 , was examined in a batch disinfection test of ground water using 10 6 cfu/ml E. coli (Patil et al, 2013). It was found that for a 6 log reduction (i.e.…”

“…Silver was found to leach out of the system and initially levels of 271µg/l were recorded, but these soon dropped to below 100µg/l. Patil et al (2013) conducted a comparative study of disinfectants for use in household water purifiers and considered both silver ions (outlined in Section 3.1.1) and AgNP, using a batch disinfection test of ground water spiked with E. coli. As with Ag ions, AgNP (synthesized from AgNO 3 using citrate as a reducing agent) required a 3 hour contact time, however, a lower minimum concentration of active disinfectant was required (1mg/l).…”