Comparative Study of Conventional and Biological Water Treatment

Abstract

humans are either locked up in the ice and permanent snow in mountains or stored underground in the form of groundwater, including shallow and deep groundwater basins up to 2,000 meters deep, soil moisture, swamp water, and permafrost. Lastly, only about 0.3% of the world's freshwater resource are freshwater lakes and rivers that are accessible and safe to drink for human [1] .Given these limited amounts of usable freshwater, approximately 2 billion individuals globally lack access to clean drinking water, as highlighted in the SDG Report of 2022 [2] . Additionally, nearly 50% of the global population faces significant water scarcity during certain periods annually [3] . This issue can worsen due to the effects of both climate change and population expansion.Also, because of human-induced contaminations and destructions, drinkable water is facing more damages and negatively affecting both human and animal health. According to a recent study conducted by Orb Media, the environmental scientists present a worldwide investigation of 159 tap water samples from six diverse regions spanning five continents. Among those samples studied, an overwhelming 83% were discovered to contain plastic particles, with the majority of the their lengths ranging from 0.1 to 5 mm, so tiny to be noticed when drinking [4] . These plastics does not only impact humans, but also animal species. It is estimated that 90% of seabirds eat plastics, and plastics can rupture organs of animals, such as fish and turtles, leading to poisoning and starvation [5] .Water is highly a vital source of survival, both for human beings and for living organisms. When water pollution increases, it means that these creatures have less water to consume, not meeting their water demands, and they are pushed to the edge of life and death, and may even start competing for water. As human, and as a part of these living things, it is important to find ways to mitigate freshwater scarcity.