BackgroundMelasma is a persistent skin condition affecting individuals of Asian, African, and Hispanic backgrounds. It causes dark patches on sun-exposed areas of the face. The exact causes are unclear, but UV light and hormonal factors play a role. Melasma significantly impacts physical appearance and quality of life, causing emotional and social distress.
ObjectiveThe objective was to compare the efficacy of a combination of oral tranexamic acid and modified Kligman's formula vs. oral tranexamic acid and 15% azelaic acid.