Comparative Study of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Synthesis from Selected Kenyan Biomass

Kimani, P.K.; Kareru, Patrick; Madivoli, Edwin Shigwenya; Kairigo, Pius K.; Maina, Ernest Gachui; Rechab, O

doi:10.9734/csji/2016/29390

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It is noteworthy that depending on the source of CMC’s cellulose and synthesis procedure, the DS value of CMC varies from one to another. For example, based on different sources, the recommended DS values at optimum condition are 0.17 ( Musa paradisiacal fruit) [ 133 ]; 0.28 ( Musa parasidiaca stem) [ 133 ]; 0.29 (oil palm fiber) [ 134 ]; 0.31 (palm kernel cake) [ 134 ]; 0.33 ( Tithonia diversifolia stalk) [ 133 ]; 0.35 ( M. sinensis ) [ 135 ]; 0.3–0.4 (cotton fiber) [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]; 0.51 (seaweed) [ 136 ]; 0.67 (sugar beet pulp) [ 137 ]; 0.76 ( C. papyrus ) [ 135 ]; 0.80 ( E. crassipes ) [ 135 ]; 0.82 (sago waste) [ 5 ]; 0.87 (durian rind) [ 9 ]; 1.07 (office waste paper) [ 19 ]; 2.39 (corn leaves) [ 138 ]; 1.21 (waste disposable paper cups) [ 139 ]; 1.76 (water hyacinth) [ 140 ]; 2.41 (corn husk) [ 119 ], etc. On the other hand, synthesis techniques including the range of concentration of reagents (NaOH, MCA) or reaction temperature and time, significantly impact the DS values.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Cmcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments of Carboxymethyl Cellulose

et al. 2021

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Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is one of the most promising cellulose derivatives. Due to its characteristic surface properties, mechanical strength, tunable hydrophilicity, viscous properties, availability and abundance of raw materials, low-cost synthesis process, and likewise many contrasting aspects, it is now widely used in various advanced application fields, for example, food, paper, textile, and pharmaceutical industries, biomedical engineering, wastewater treatment, energy production, and storage energy production, and storage and so on. Many research articles have been reported on CMC, depending on their sources and application fields. Thus, a comprehensive and well-organized review is in great demand that can provide an up-to-date and in-depth review on CMC. Herein, this review aims to provide compact information of the synthesis to the advanced applications of this material in various fields. Finally, this article covers the insights of future CMC research that could guide researchers working in this prominent field.

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Section: Characteristics Of Cmcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments of Carboxymethyl Cellulose

et al. 2021

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“…Higher DS values of 0.35, 0.80, and 0.76 have been reported for M. sinensis, E. crassipes and C. papyrus, respectively (Kimani et al, 2016). Adinugraha et al (2005) reported DS range of 0.26 -0.76 for banana pseudo stem.…”

Section: Degree Of Substitution (Ds)mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Higher and lower swelling capacity of synthesized CMC on non-woody plants have been reported by several authors. Kimani et al (2016)…”

Section: Swelling Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose from Musa paradisiaca and Tithonia diversifolia

Alabi¹,

Lajide²,

Ajayi³

et al. 2020

Afr. J. Pure Appl. Chem.

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Cellulose is the most abundant biomass in nature with properties that have enabled its application in different industrial processes. Its derivative, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose serves as an additive in food and non-food products such as desserts, detergents, paints etc. In this study, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was synthesized from cellulose isolated from three ligno-cellulosic biomass, Tithonia diversifolia stalk (TDS), Musa parasidiaca stem (MPS) and unripe peel of Musa parasidiaca fruit (MPP). The isolation of cellulose was done by soda pulping and bleached using sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hydroxide sequencing, followed by synthesis and purification of CMC. The physicochemical properties of the plant samples, isolated cellulose and bleached pulps including the synthesized CMC were determined. The effects of various processing stages on the properties of the cellulose and synthesized CMC were revealed in the study. CMC yield ranged from 62.57, 41.37 and 33.21% and the degree of substitution ranged from 0.33, 0.28 and 0.17 for TDS, MPS and MPP respectively. Further characterization of CMC using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) confirmed the presence of major expected peaks that showed differences in terms of carboxymethyl substitution as compared to that of commercial CMC. The study revealed the potential of these plants for production of industrial grade CMC.

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“…The weak peaks that appear near 1380 cm -1 are attributed to the shear vibrations of the O-H bond. The average peaks appearing near 1053 cm -1 are attributed to the C-characteristic bonds [11], i.e. to the deformation vibrations of the C-H bond, C-O for the glycosylic units of cellulose [6] and this excipient exerting a minor influence on the MO.…”

Section: Ft-ir Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Compatibility Study Between Magnesium Orotate and Various Excipients in Their Physical Mixtures

MOISA¹

2022

FARMACIA

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The assessment of magnesium orotate compatibility with various excipients is an important step in the development of drug formulation and development. A good physicochemical compatibility between magnesium orotate and different excipients allows obtaining novel combinations with a complex composition that enhances the therapeutic effect of magnesium orotate. The purpose of this research was to assess the compatibility of magnesium orotate with various excipients presently used in pharmaceutical formulations in a 1:1 mass ratio, which was higher than what was currently used in drug formulation, with the possibility of influencing the expected therapeutic benefit by delaying magnesium orotate release. The compatibility of the most used excipients (croscarmellose, corn starch, lactate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone and talcum) with magnesium orotate was assessed by investigating the TG-DTA-DTG curves, FTIR spectra and XRD pattern of the excipients and their physical mixture with magnesium orotate. A partial compatibility of magnesium orotate with corn starch, cellulose and croscarmellose was noticed based on thermal analysis. The FTIR spectra and TG-DTG results indicated the best stability of magnesium orotate in combination with polyvinyl-pyrrolidone, while a possible incompatibility between magnesium orotate and talcum was evidenced based upon FTIR spectra. No modifications in XRD pattern of magnesium orotate was noticed in the spectra corresponding to binary combinations. By corroborating the results, one can conclude that polyvinyl-pyrrolidone is the best choice as excipient for magnesium orotate. RezumatEvaluarea compatibilității orotatului de magneziu cu diverși excipienți este un pas important în dezvoltarea formulării și dezvoltării medicamentelor. O bună compatibilitate fizico-chimică între orotatul de magneziu și diferiți excipienți permite obținerea unor combinații noi, cu o compoziție complexă, care sporește efectul terapeutic al orotatului de magneziu. Scopul acestui studiu a fost de a evalua compatibilitatea orotatului de magneziu cu diferiți excipienți utilizați în prezent în formulările farmaceutice, într-un raport masic 1:1, mai mare decât cel utilizat în prezent în formularea medicamentelor, cu o posibilă influență asupra efectului terapeutic așteptat, prin încetinirea eliberării orotatului de magneziu. Compatibilitatea celor mai utilizați excipienți (croscarmeloză, amidon de porumb, lactat, stearat de magneziu, celuloză microcristalină, polivinilpirolidonă și talc) cu orotatul de magneziu a fost evaluată prin investigarea curbelor TG-DTA-DTG, a spectrelor FTIR și a modelului XRD a excipienților și a amestecului lor fizic cu orotatul de magneziu. Pe baza analizei termice, s-a observat o compatibilitate parțială a orotatului de magneziu cu amidonul de porumb, celuloza și croscarmeloza. Spectrele FTIR și rezultatele TG-DTG au indicat cea mai bună stabilitate a orotatului de magneziu în combinație cu polivinilpirolidona, în timp ce o posibilă incompatibilitate în...

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Comparative Study of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Synthesis from Selected Kenyan Biomass

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Recent Developments of Carboxymethyl Cellulose

Recent Developments of Carboxymethyl Cellulose

Synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose from Musa paradisiaca and Tithonia diversifolia

Compatibility Study Between Magnesium Orotate and Various Excipients in Their Physical Mixtures

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