Comparative Study of CAN-Bus and FlexRay Protocols for In-Vehicle Communication

Hafeez, Azeem; Malik, Hafiz; Avatefipour, Omid; Rongali, Prudhvi Raj; Zehra, Shan

doi:10.4271/2017-01-0017

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Thus, the CAN bus plays a vital role in autonomous driving as controlling, diagnosing, and different signals among various ECUs pass through the CAN bus. CAN is a plug-and-play system, which means without further modification, a new ECU can be added to the existing in-vehicular network [25][26][27]. CAN packets also contain no information about sender and receiver nodes, so it is easy for hackers to temper packet bits of the CAN bus system.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review: Cybersecurity Challenges and their Solutions in Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs)

Saeed,

Masood,

Khan

2023

JAREE

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Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) are a crucial breakthrough in the automotive industry and a magnificent step toward a safe, secure, and intelligent transportation system (ITS). CAVs offer tremendous benefits to our society and environment, such as mitigation of traffic accidents, reduction in traffic congestion, fewer emissions of harmful gases, etc. However, emerging automotive technology also has some serious safety concerns. One of them is cyber security. Conventional vehicles are less prone to cyber-attacks, but CAVs are more susceptible to such events as they communicate with the surrounding infrastructure and other vehicles. To gather data for a better perception of their surroundings, CAVs are outfitted with state-of-the-art sensors and modules like LiDAR, GPS, RADAR, onboard computers, cameras, etc. Hackers, terrorist organizations, and vandals can manipulate this sensor data or may access the primary control by cyber-attack, which may result in enormous fatalities. The automotive industry must put up a rigid framework against cyber invasions to make CAVs a more reliable and secure means of transportation. This paper provides an overview of cybersecurity challenges in CAVs at the module and software levels. The sources of active and passive threats are analyzed. Finally, a feasible solution is recommended to cope with such threats

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Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review: Cybersecurity Challenges and their Solutions in Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs)

Saeed,

Masood,

Khan

2023

JAREE

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“…It is based on internal timers and synchronization between nodes; the access to the bus is periodic, leading to a deterministic and predictable behaviour. The communication structure is organized into 64 cycles, each cycle having 5 milliseconds with a data rate of 10 Mb/s [11].…”

Section: A Overview Of the Car's Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Automotive Sensors by Migrating AUTOSAR End-to-End Communication Protection Library into Hardware

Caprita¹,

Selişteanu

2022

ELEKTRON ELEKTROTECH

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This paper explores new methods to increase the level of safety of data transfer between sensors and electronic control units (ECUs) in automotive communication. A new model of basic sensors to be used in automotive electronics is proposed. This model contains hardware modules that implement the end-to-end communication protection (E2E) mechanism, as defined by the Automotive Open System Architecture (AUTOSAR) standard. By adding this feature inside the sensors, it is possible that, in addition to increasing the safety level, these sensors can be directly connected to the network ECUs via standard communication buses (e.g., Local Interconnect Network (LIN), Controller Area Network (CAN), Flexray, etc.). This paper describes the model, design, and mapping (in a Field Programmable Gate Array device (FPGA)) of the hardware E2E module capable of generating the Cyclic Redundancy Code (CRC) and counter signal for a customized message. This message represents the output of the new sensor E2E module used in a safety communication as requested by the automotive E2E standard. The model is validated also by comparing the data output of the E2E hardware with the data output of the AUTOSAR software E2E library. Finally, future needs and directions are suggested in this area.

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“…Each type of network has been designed to support applications with different needs. For example, while LIN is mostly used for low-speed applications, applications requiring high-speed data-transfers use MOST [14]. Legally mandated Onboard Diagnostic (OBD) ports in the modern vehicles are used for ECU firmware updates, repairing and inspections of the vehicle.…”

Section: A Automotive Security Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%