Comparative study of atmospheric pressure DC, RF, and microwave thermal plasma torches for waste to energy applications

Darda, Sharif Abu; Damideh, Vahid; Hassen, Isaac; Aboughaly, Mohamed; Lisi, Davide

doi:10.1016/j.seta.2021.101447

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The temperature rises up to 1100 • C when measured at a position of 30 mm corresponding to the center of the measuring hole. Moving further towards the 60 mm position, the temperature reaches 800 • C. As it is observed to be moving along the entire length of the orifice diameter, the temperature distribution is uneven [1][2][3]. The highest temperature value is at the middle of the opening and the lowest values are at the edges of the opening.…”

Section: The Results Of the Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Moving further towards t mm position, the temperature reaches 800 °C . As it is observed to be moving alon entire length of the orifice diameter, the temperature distribution is uneven [1][2][3] highest temperature value is at the middle of the opening and the lowest values are edges of the opening. The uneven distribution of temperature values can be qualitat explained by gas flow properties and the distribution of the degree of ionization.…”

Section: The Results Of the Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the consumption of goods and services grows, increasing amounts of secondary raw materials such as various plastics, rubber, medical and chemical waste, etc. are generated [1][2][3]. Today's science faces new challenges, the solutions of which are related to the sustainable use of waste in the production of various products and equipment, as well as the neutralization and conversion of hazardous waste into environmentally friendly materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigations of Working Characteristics of Transferred Arc Plasma Torch Volume Reactor

Kavaliauskas¹,

Uscila²,

Kėželis³

et al. 2022

Applied Sciences

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A transferred arc plasma torch chemical rector was used to process waste formed from mixtures of dry clay powder and hydroquinone. Such reactors are best suited for the treatment of electrically conductive waste. In these types of reactors, the electric arc moves chaotically throughout the entire reactor volume, making it possible to ensure an even temperature distribution in the reaction zones. An analysis of the literature has shown that there are not many study results related to this type of reactor. The novelty of the work is that the behavior of the operating electric arc inside the reactor was recorded by using a high-speed camera. The distribution of the temperature profile at the cooled reactor wall was investigated. The electrical potential difference inside the reactor was also investigated. To better understand the behavioral properties of the electric arc when the reactor is filled with treated material, hydroquinone-contaminated clay was used. In this case, the movement of the electric arc, as well as the probability of its formation, is the greatest at the location where the thinnest layer of the material to be processed is located. In addition, it has been observed that the use of a graphite anode poses problems because, over time, the anode of such a design deforms due to interactions with the electric arc. While analyzing research results, it can be observed that these types of reactors are very suitable for the treatment of electrically conductive materials and for the treatment of small amounts of nonconductive materials when the material occupies a relatively small part of the reactor. A further development of these studies in the future is planned in order to make the reactors as versatile as possible and as suitable as possible for handling the widest range of materials possible.

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Section: The Results Of the Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: The Results Of the Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Investigations of Working Characteristics of Transferred Arc Plasma Torch Volume Reactor

Kavaliauskas¹,

Uscila²,

Kėželis³

et al. 2022

Applied Sciences

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“…The waste vaporized via nebulization can then be rapidly heated by the torch's >7000 K plasma temperature in the coil region. This temperature was achieved at the center of the plasma flame using an RF power supply generating an 11 kW coil excitation power supplied through the primary RF coils (parts 121x) and with a 13.56 MHz excitation frequency [36] by COMSOL RF ICP simulation and an initial experiment with RF ICP plasma using pure argon gas. Waste injection through the carrier channel will expose the waste to a higher temperature at the center of the plasma for fast ionization.…”

Section: Waste Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Atmospheric Plasma-Based Mass Separation System for High-Level Radioactive Waste Treatment

Abu Darda,

Gabbar

2023

Plasma

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Solid spent nuclear fuel from nuclear power plants contains 3.4% fission products (80–160 amu), contributing to a radioactivity level of over 99.8%. On the other hand, liquid high-level radioactive waste (HLRW) from spent fuel reprocessing is composed of 98.9% bulk elements (0–60 amu) with 0.1% radioactivity. A separation mechanism for the mass categories into groups presents unique opportunities for managing HLRW in the long term with a considerable cost reduction. This paper proposes a thermal plasma-based separation system incorporating atmospheric-pressure plasma torches for HLRW mass separation into low-resolution mass groups. Several engineering issues must be addressed, such as waste preparation, waste injection into the plasma, and waste collecting after mass separation. Using the COMSOL Multiphysics simulation, the generic system can be studied using noble gas mass separation, and the mass filter capabilities can be further analyzed. This paper provides the history of plasma-based mass separation. The functional modelling of a thermal plasma mass separation system is proposed under atmospheric pressure. Finally, aspects of mass separation simulation using the noble gases argon and helium inside the plasma mass separation system are studied via COMSOL Multiphysics.

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“…The distinguishable performance of ICP compared to other plasma generation techniques have been widely required during the production of high purity materials, thin deposition [ 6 , 7 ], surface modification [ 8 , 9 ] and waste treatment [ 10 , 11 , 12 ], and chemical synthesis and chemical processing [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. For material processing in particular, ICP thermal plasma covers numerous applications such as spectrochemical analysis, powder spheroidization, etching, surface treatment, sintering, spray coating, and material synthesis including nanoparticles, composites, and catalysts [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Efficiency Enhancement of Inductively Coupled Plasma Torch: Computational Study

et al. 2022

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In this research, we studied the performance analysis of inductively coupled radiofrequency plasma “RF-ICP” torch used in multi-material processing. A 2D numerical model built with COMSOL Multiphysics was used to study the discharge behavior and evaluate the overall efficiency transmitted into the plasma system. The temperature and velocity flow of the plasma were investigated. The numerical results are consistent with previous experimental studies. The temperature and velocity profiles are represented under a wide range of RF power and for different sheath gas flow rates. With increasing power, the radial peak temperature typically shifts towards the wall. The resistance of the torch rises whereas the inductance diminishes with increasing RF power. The overall dependency of the coupling efficiency to the RF power is also estimated. The stabilization of the plasma flow dependency to the sheath swirl flow was investigated. The incorporation of Helium (0.02%) into an Argon gas was established to minimize the energy lost in the sidewall. The number and spacing of induction coil numbers affects the temperature and flow field distribution. A valuable approach to designing and optimizing the induction plasma system is presented in the proposed study. The obtained results are fundamental to specify ICP torch design criteria needed for multi-material processing.

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Comparative study of atmospheric pressure DC, RF, and microwave thermal plasma torches for waste to energy applications

Cited by 8 publications

References 49 publications

Investigations of Working Characteristics of Transferred Arc Plasma Torch Volume Reactor

Investigations of Working Characteristics of Transferred Arc Plasma Torch Volume Reactor

Study of Atmospheric Plasma-Based Mass Separation System for High-Level Radioactive Waste Treatment

Energy Efficiency Enhancement of Inductively Coupled Plasma Torch: Computational Study

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