Comparative study of antioxidant and anticancer activities and HPTLC quantification of rutin in white radish (Raphanus sativusL.) leaves and root extracts grown in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

The nutrient contents of Raphanus sativus L. (white radish) leaves (RSLs) and roots are known to have promising vital effects. We comparatively investigated the leaves and roots of R. sativus grown in Saudi Arabia to estimate the total phenol and flavonoid contents using the standard colorimetric methods. The antioxidant activity of RSLs and R. sativus roots (RSRs) were measured by 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. Both extracts’ cytotoxic activity was assessed by MTT assay against several human cancer cell lines (A549, HepG2, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7). High-performance thin-layer chromatography was used to identify and quantify the biomarker compound rutin in both extracts. The total phenolic content in RSLs (125.3 mg of gallic acid equivalent [GAE]/g) was higher than that in roots (95.8 of GAE/g), whereas the flavonoid content (44.5 mg of quercetin equivalent [QE]/g) was almost double compared in RSR extract (24.4 of QE/g). Similarly, RSLs exhibited a higher antioxidative activity than RSRs in both DPPH (IC50 216.8 vs 359.7 µg/mL) and ABTS (IC50 326.7 vs 549 µg/mL) models. RSLs also demonstrated the highest antiproliferative efficiency against all cell lines, with IC50 values of 217–453 µg/mL. The reversed-phase-high-performance thin-layer chromatography results showed the presence of rutin (5.2 µg/mg) only in RSLs. Our study indicates RSLs as a promising source of bioactive compounds compared with roots.

Radical Scavenging Activities, Total Reducing Power, Total Phenolic and Flavonoids Contents of Four Common Vegetables

“…Antioxidant activities of R. sativus was previously demonstrated (Barillari et al, 2006;Beevi et al, 2012;Eveline & Pasau, 2019;Goyeneche et al, 2015;Kim et al, 2016;Noman et al, 2021;Shehzadi et al, 2020;Sonam, 2019). With an RSa50 value of 165.49 µg/mL, the methanol extract of R. sativus showed a better free-radical scavenging activity against DPPH than the 70% ethanol extract which presented an RSa50 value of 359.7 µg/mL in a previous study (Noman et al, 2021), but with a higher total phenol content of 95.8 GAE (compared to 6.17 GAE found in this study). This difference might be explained by the extracting solvent, but also by different cultivation conditions.…”

New Gd(I)/Cs(III) complexes of benzil‐based thiocarbohydrazone macrocyclic ligand: Chemical synthesis, characterization, and study their biological effectiveness as antibacterial, antioxidant, and antiviral additives for polyurethane surface coating

“…Therefore, in the current study, we used two alternative methodologies to measure the antioxidant capacity of gadolinium and cesium complexes as well their combinations with paints, which may result in more reliable findings. [ 58 ] The IC 50 value is a commonly used criterion to assess the antioxidant activity of the tested samples. It is determined as the number of antioxidants required to reduce the initial DPPH or ABTS concentration by 50%.…”

Radish (Raphanus Sativus): Potential antioxidant role of bioactive compounds extracted from radish leaves - A review

“…Other compounds found in high concentration in leaves includes macronutrients fiber calcium, potassium, sodium and non-flavonoid polyphenols 28 . The total phenolic and flavonoid found more in leaves comparative to roots (Table 2) 29 . Natural Antioxidants: An antioxidant is a substance that prevents the oxidation of other substance."…”

“…In another study from 21 anthocyanins ,on the basis of their oxygen radical absorbing capacity models with 3-dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship (3D-QSAR) were built 49 and were utilized to envision radish anthocyanins for their Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity values 50 . Environmental stresses like, Ultraviolet radiation, Plant injuries, pathogens and insects attack lead to the maximum antiproliferative effectiveness against all cell lines, 217-453 µg/mL IC50 values has been shown by RSLs 29,51 . Radish has shown the higher bioaccessibility of Antioxidant bioactive compounds and minerals 48,49,50 .…”

“…Secondary metabolites synthesized by plants as a result of Environmental stresses are phenolic compounds which have the metals chelating, can hunt free radicals and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. High levels of these phenolic compounds compounds found in mostly discarded leaves 52,29,33 . Based on physico-chemical, nutritional, antioxidant and microbiological properties radish leaves far exceeds the in nutritional value than roots.…”