Comparative study of active infrared thermography, ultrasonic laser vibrometry and laser ultrasonics in application to the inspection of graphite/epoxy composite parts

Exploring Step-Heating and Lock-In Thermography NDT Using One-Sided Inspection on Low-Emissivity Composite Structures for New Rail Carbodies

“…Common types of active IRT are optical methods such as pulsed thermography, lock-in thermography (LT), electromagnetic methods, i.e., eddy current thermography, and mechanical excitation methods, i.e., lock-in vibrothermography and burst vibrothermography [ 14 ]. Ibarra-Castanedo et al [ 14 ], Wang et al [ 15 ], Ciampa et al [ 16 ], Ekanayake et al [ 17 ], D’Accardi et al [ 18 ], Vavilov et al [ 19 ], Liu et al [ 20 ] and Shrestha et al [ 21 ] describe the use of LT on composite sandwich and monolithic structures as one of the most popular IRT methods, being capable of defect detection in thicker specimens and being less prone to surface emissivity [ 11 ]. Ramos Silva et al [ 22 ] compared the application of LT on Poly(methyl methacrylate) samples using two types of excitation.…”

“…Similarly, applications of step-heating thermography (SHT) on composite structures [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ] are described as an alternative to pulsed thermography (PT) [ 19 , 27 , 28 , 29 ] for overcoming its limitations, as it is more applicable to thinner materials, and as an alternative to LT to overcome the limitations of long inspection time [ 23 ]. Apart from using heat as an excitation method in active thermography, Szymanik et al [ 30 ] suggest the use of forced cooling as an additional excitation method that can affect heat dissipation within a material (in their case a glass fibre composite) and can cause rapid temperature change in defective areas which can be detected by an infrared camera.…”

Characterization Method of Surface Crack Based on Laser Thermography

“…Active infrared thermography technology is a fast, noncontact detection method. The method can be divided into halogen lamp excitation [12], eddy current excitation [13], laser excitation [14], ultrasonic excitation [15], microwave excitation [16], resistive heating and mechanical vibrations excitation according to different heating excitation. And this method can be divided into reflection type and transmission type due to the different placement of the infrared imager.…”

Special Issue on “Infrared Thermography and Additional Non-Destructive Testing for Building, Structure and Material Inspections”

“…It can be applied autonomously or combined with other NDT techniques that provide additional information to complete the study of a particular element, for example, to provide information about the interior of an element (higher depth). Thus, different IRT methods, alone or together with other NDT techniques, stand as good alternatives for the evaluation of the state of structures and building materials that cannot be "touched" for several reasons [1][2][3]. This Special Issue of Sensors "Infrared Thermography and Additional Non-Destructive Testing for Building, Structure and Material Inspections" revolves around both review and original research manuscripts related to the application of IRT and other non-destructive testing techniques to the inspection of buildings, infrastructures and materials for the detection, identification and characterization (geometric and thermal) of pathologies that affect the integrity of the element under study.…”

“…It can be applied autonomously or combined with other NDT techniques that provide additional information to complete the study of a particular element, for example, to provide information about the interior of an element (higher depth). Thus, different IRT methods, alone or together with other NDT techniques, stand as good alternatives for the evaluation of the state of structures and building materials that cannot be “touched” for several reasons [ 1 , 2 , 3 ].…”