Comparative study effects of calcinations, electrolytes, and Fe-bentonite, CaCO₃-bentonite on the removal of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution

Abstract

A B S T R A C TThis study presents the influence of different variables on Cd(II) adsorption in Iranian bentonite namely two different types of electrolytes (carbonate and chloride salts), calcination temperature, loading of Fe(III)-Fe(II) (synthesized Fe-bentonite) and CaCO 3 on bentonite. According to the experimental data, Na 2 CO 3 is the best modifier electrolyte in comparison with other carbonate salts and chloride salts. The maximum removal (100%) of 1,000 ppm Cd(II) from aqueous solution was achieved in presence of 0.1 M of Na 2 CO 3 and 5 g bentonite. Furthermore, Iranian bentonite was modified by CaCO 3 and Fe(III)/Fe(II) salts to have synthesized CaCO 3 -bentonite and Fe-bentonite. For the equilibrium study of Cd(II) adsorption onto these compounds, the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and DubininRadushkevich (D-R) models have been examined. The Langmuir and Freundlich models explained the highest correlation coefficients for Fe-bentonite and CaCO 3 -bentonite, respectively. According to the Langmuir (for Fe-bentonite) and Freundlich (for CaCO 3 -bentonite) models, the maximum adsorption capacity were 32.39 mg/g and 1.97 mg 1−1/n L 1/n g −1 , respectively. The calculated results of DR models showed that Cd(II) adsorption onto modified bentonite is chemical adsorption or ion exchange interaction. The obtained thermodynamic parameters of Cd(II) adsorption indicated that Cd(II) adsorption onto modified one was spontaneous and Cd(II) adsorptions onto Fe-bentonite and CaCO 3 -bentonite were exothermic and endothermic, respectively.