Comparative study between 2 different doses of pregabalin and lidocaine on pain following propofol injection

Abstract

Background:Propofol, an intravenous anesthetic, often causes pain on injection, which can be very distressful to patients. We investigated the analgesic effect of pregabalin on pain following propofol injection, compared with lidocaine.Methods:In a randomized, double-blind, prospective trial, 120 patients were randomized into 3 groups of 40 each; who received oral placebo and intravenous lidocaine 40 mg with venous occlusion for 1 minute (group L, n = 40), oral pregabalin 75 mg and intravenous normal saline with venous occlusion for 1 minute (group LP, n = 40), and oral pregabalin 150 mg and intravenous normal saline with venous occlusion for 1 minute (group HP, n = 40) as pretreatment, followed by administration of 1% propofol 0.5 mg/kg. Pain intensity was measured on a 4-point scale (0 = no, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, and 3 = severe pain). Any side effects associated with pretreatment substances were recorded during the first 24 hours after surgery.Results:A total of 120 patients completed this trial. Demographic data were similar between groups. The incidence of pain following propofol injection was significantly reduced in group HP (50%) and group L (55%) compared with group LP (92.5%) (P < 0.05, respectively). The incidences of moderate pain in group HP (12.5%) and group L (15%) were significantly decreased compared with group LP (37.5%; both, P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence of side effects such as headache and dizziness between groups.Conclusion:Pretreatment with oral pregabalin 150 mg and intravenous lidocaine 40 mg with venous occlusion equally reduced pain from propofol injection.

Comparative evaluation of the effect of remifentanil and 2 different doses of esmolol on pain during propofol injection

“…A study-blinded anesthesiologist measured score of injection pain of propofol using a 4-point scale (0 = none [negative response to questioning], 1 = mild pain [pain reported in response to questioning only, without any behavioral sign], 2 = moderate pain [pain reported in response to questioning and accompanied by a behavioral sign, or pain reported simultaneously without questioning], 3 = severe pain [strong vocal response or response accompanied by facial grimacing, arm withdrawal or tears]). [ 2 ] Thereafter, propofol-LCT1.5 mg/kg and rocuronium 0.8 mg/kg were administered for tracheal intubation, and anesthesia was maintained with desflurane 4% to 7% in 50% N 2 O/O 2 . Emergence reactions associated with pretreatment substances such as hypotension and bradycardia were recorded.…”

Perbandingan Efektivitas Campuran Propofol dengan Ketamin, Fentanil dan Lidokain dalam Mengurangi Nyeri dari Injeksi Propofol: Telaah Sistematis

“…Total seluruh kelompok penelitian dari seluruh studi adalah 51 kelompok. Terdapat 16 studi yang menggunakan lidokain, 1,3,4,5,6,8,10,13,14,16,17,18,19,20,22,24 11 studi yang menggunakan ketamin, 2,7,8,9,11,15,16,17,19,23,25 dan empat studi yang menggunakan fentanil. 7,9,11,12 Normal salin dan air suling dalam studi ini digunakan untuk metode pembutaan agar anestesiologis tidak dapat membedakan antar grup studi, dan terdapat tujuh studi yang menggunakan normal salin dan air suling.…”

“…25 Ada 10 studi yang menggunakan oklusi vena sebelum diinduksi propofol, dan ada dua studi yang menggunakan tornikuet. 3,4,8,10,14,15,18,19,23,24 Luaran yang dicari oleh penulis adalah rata-rata dampak respons nyeri pada injeksi propofol dalam tiap penelitian. Ada 17 studi yang menggunakan metode Verbal Rating Scale (VRS), 2,4,5,6,8,10,11,12,14,15,16,20,21,22,23,24,25 terdapat empat studi yang menggunakan Visual Analog Scale (VAS) 7,9,18,19 dan empat studi menggunakan Numerical Rating Scale (NRS).…”

Lidocaine in prevention of pain on propofol anesthetic induction: A randomized double-blinded clinical trial to estimate the magnitude of the effect

“…Despite these positive aspects, patients can experience pain at injection of propofol and of these [6]. When used in the back of the hand, this value may increase to 60-80% of patients receiving propofol peripherically [7].…”

“…There is also a signifi cant reduction in pain due to previous administration of intravenous opioid analgesics [10]. It has been shown that the use of pregabalin may also be useful in reducing pain at its injection, besides requiring less use of opioids for this purpose [7]. Another way to prevent this pain is with the administration of lidocaine, a local anesthetic drug, which can be administered immediately before or mixed with the injection of propofol, with doses up to 100mg in total [4].…”