Comparative studies on two tests for detection of Avian influenza a virus and Newcastle disease virus in co-infected Guinea fowl (Numida meleagris)

Abstract

Thirty four oropharyngeal swabs were collected from guinea fowl infected with a low-pathogenicity avian influenza A virus Н6N2 (LPAIV H6N2) and vaccinated with a lentogenic NDV strain La Sota. All samples were examined in HI test after attempts for isolation of viruses in 9-day-old chick embryos (CЕ) and by means of AIV-NDV rapid Ag kit (RapiGEN, South Korea). The results demonstrated that the rapid test could be used for guinea fowl despite its lower sensitivity of 91.67 % as compared to the HI test after isolation in CE. The test specificity was 100 % indicating that it could distinguish both viruses in co-infections.

Treatment with Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Ligands 3 and 21 Prevents Fecal Contact Transmission of Low Pathogenic H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) in Chickens

“…Indirect transmission can occur by exposure of birds to AIV-contaminated objects (fomites), feces of infected birds or via waterborne routes [10][11][12][13][14][15]. It has been previously demonstrated that H4N6, H5N1, H6N8, H3N6 and H3N2 AIV can survive in fecal material for different periods of time in the environment [16][17][18][19][20]. LPAIV can persist in poultry fecal droppings and remain infective for 24-48 h in wet manure and 48 h in litter material [12,15,21].…”