Comparative studies on Enterococcus, Clostridium perfringens and Staphylococcus aureus as quality indicators in tropical seawater at a Pacific Mexican beach resort

Curiel-Ayala, F.; Quiñones-Ramírez, Elsa Irma; Pless, Reynaldo C.; González-Jasso, Eva

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.07.052

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This study corroborates prior findings that S. aureus and MRSA are present in nearshore waters (Charoenca and Fujioka, 1993; Esiobu et al, 2013; Plano et al, 2013), as S. aureus was identified at all four Hilo Bay stations, whereas MRSA was found at three. Although concentrations of S. aureus and MRSA were highly variable in Hilo Bay, they had similar ranges to those reported for Florida and Mexico (Curiel‐Ayala et al, 2012; Esiobu et al, 2013), but were an order of magnitude higher than those in California (Goodwin et al, 2012). These patterns could be due to climatic differences, as the former study sites are more similar to Hawaii, with higher annual rainfall and warmer air temperatures.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…These trends were not observed for MRSA, as it was not as prevalent within the watershed as the other bacteria. Patterns between 24‐h rainfall and S. aureus , and those with FIB, have been observed elsewhere (Walters et al, 2011; Curiel‐Ayala et al, 2012; Strauch et al, 2014). The increased transport of bacteria during high river discharge after a drier period is likely due to the first‐flush effect, where a pulse rain event flushes soil bacteria out into rivers (Tryland et al, 2011; Strauch et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

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Rainfall and Streamflow Effects on Estuarine Staphylococcus aureus and Fecal Indicator Bacteria Concentrations

et al. 2019

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Pathogenic bacteria in nearshore waters are a public health threat, and many have watershed sources. Hence, understanding direct and indirect causes of bacterial loading can improve awareness and watershed management. Rainfall-driven runoff influences river discharge, affecting pathogen transport to the ocean. This study assessed pathogen loading to nearshore waters under varying weather conditions within Hilo Bay, Hawaii, from 2014 to 2017. Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) were quantified in the bay, rivers, and potential watershed sources using culturebased methods. Relationships between their concentrations with rainfall, river discharge, and water quality data were examined. Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, and FIB were present within Hilo Bay and its rivers, as well as road runoff, sewage, and soils; MRSA was less prevalent. Staphylococcus aureus and FIB concentrations increased with rainfall and river discharge. Turbidity and salinity were the best water quality parameters for predicting bacteria concentrations, with positive and negative relationships, respectively. Our results suggest that more intense storms, especially after longer dry periods between events, will increase S. aureus and FIB loads to nearshore waters, as storms comprise >80% of annual river loads. Our models can be used to assess recreational water users' health risks and predict future water quality conditions with changing rainfall patterns.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Rainfall and Streamflow Effects on Estuarine Staphylococcus aureus and Fecal Indicator Bacteria Concentrations

et al. 2019

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“…The origin of the strain of S. aureus that is contracted by marine mammals was most likely from terrestrial sources introduced into the marine environment via runoff ( Van Elk et al, 2012 ). Studies examining the abundance of Staphylococcus over a wet and dry season at a heavily visited coastal area observed increased abundance of S. aureus during the wet season ( Curiel-Ayala et al, 2012 ). These data also showed the highest increased abundance of Staphylococcus during Florida’s wet season.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine grained compositional analysis of Port Everglades Inlet microbiome using high throughput DNA sequencing

O’Connell

Gao

McCorquodale

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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BackgroundSimilar to natural rivers, manmade inlets connect inland runoff to the ocean. Port Everglades Inlet (PEI) is a busy cargo and cruise ship port in South Florida, which can act as a source of pollution to surrounding beaches and offshore coral reefs. Understanding the composition and fluctuations of bacterioplankton communities (“microbiomes”) in major port inlets is important due to potential impacts on surrounding environments. We hypothesize seasonal microbial fluctuations, which were profiled by high throughput 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and analysis.Methods & ResultsSurface water samples were collected every week for one year. A total of four samples per month, two from each sampling location, were used for statistical analysis creating a high sampling frequency and finer sampling scale than previous inlet microbiome studies. We observed significant differences in community alpha diversity between months and seasons. Analysis of composition of microbiomes (ANCOM) tests were run in QIIME 2 at genus level taxonomic classification to determine which genera were differentially abundant between seasons and months. Beta diversity results yielded significant differences in PEI community composition in regard to month, season, water temperature, and salinity. Analysis of potentially pathogenic genera showed presence of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. However, statistical analysis indicated that these organisms were not present in significantly high abundances throughout the year or between seasons.DiscussionSignificant differences in alpha diversity were observed when comparing microbial communities with respect to time. This observation stems from the high community evenness and low community richness in August. This indicates that only a few organisms dominated the community during this month. August had lower than average rainfall levels for a wet season, which may have contributed to less runoff, and fewer bacterial groups introduced into the port surface waters. Bacterioplankton beta diversity differed significantly by month, season, water temperature, and salinity. The 2013–2014 dry season (October–April), was warmer and wetter than historical averages. This may have driven significant differences in beta diversity. Increased nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations were observed in these dry season months, possibly creating favorable bacterial growth conditions. Potentially pathogenic genera were present in the PEI. However their relatively low, non-significant abundance levels highlight their relatively low risk for public health concerns. This study represents the first to sample a large port at this sampling scale and sequencing depth. These data can help establish the inlet microbial community baseline and supplement the vital monitoring of local marine and recreational environments, all the more poignant in context of local reef disease outbreaks and worldwide coral reef collapse in wake of a harsh 2014–16 El Niño event.

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“…Several studies have reported the occurrence of potentially pathogenic Enterococcus spp., Aeromonas spp . Staphylococcus spp ., Pseudomonas spp ., Viruses , Salmonella, campylobacter , and E. coli , isolated either from beach sand, seawater or in both samples (Elmanama et al., 2005; Curiel-Ayala et al., 2012; Ahmad et al., 2013). Sewage pollution causes more threats to recreational water users than animal faecal contamination (Soller et al., 2010), making it important to detect their sources in recreational water so that proper mitigation approaches can be put into practice, and hazards precisely measured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recreational water quality status of the Kidd's Beach as determined by its physicochemical and bacteriological quality parameters

Adeniji

Sibanda

Okoh

2019

Heliyon

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Coastal water resources are habitually exposed to indiscriminate anthropogenic pollution. However, due to their negative consequences to the public health, recreational waters require continuous monitoring for disease-causing organisms as a way of preventing ailments associated with swimming. As a result, the present study assessed the physicochemical parameters and microbial loads of water samples collected from six different sampling points on Kidd's Beach using standard analytical procedures. Generated data were analysed with One-way ANOVA and spearman correlation (at 95%). The physicochemical qualities varied as follows: pH (7.21–8.23), temperature (18.46–27.63 °C), turbidity (0–25.67 NTU), electrical conductivity (22723–62067 μS/cm), total dissolved solids (7662–31037 mg/L), and salinity (8.95–41.84 PSU). All these measured parameters were significantly different ( P < 0.05) with respect to the sampling sites. Presumptive Enterococcus counts ranged from 64 – 168 CFU/100 mL of water samples. Out of 409 presumptive Enterococcus isolates obtained from the culture-based method, 67 were confirmed to be Enterococcus by PCR-techniques. From the 67 confirmed isolates, 19 (E. faecalis ) and 40( E. feacium ) while 8(other species that were non-targeted). Findings from this study shown that Kidd's Beach water samples contain some pathogenic bacteria that pose high risk to the public health and make it to be unfit for recreational use when compared to DWAF and US EPA guidelines. Therefore, effort should be made to strictly control all activities contributing to the level of pollution in the marine environment.

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Comparative studies on Enterococcus, Clostridium perfringens and Staphylococcus aureus as quality indicators in tropical seawater at a Pacific Mexican beach resort

Cited by 20 publications

References 22 publications

Rainfall and Streamflow Effects on Estuarine Staphylococcus aureus and Fecal Indicator Bacteria Concentrations

Rainfall and Streamflow Effects on Estuarine Staphylococcus aureus and Fecal Indicator Bacteria Concentrations

Fine grained compositional analysis of Port Everglades Inlet microbiome using high throughput DNA sequencing

Recreational water quality status of the Kidd's Beach as determined by its physicochemical and bacteriological quality parameters

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