Comparative studies of zirconium doping and coating on LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode material at elevated temperatures

The Role of Zr Doping in Stabilizing Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2 as a Cathode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…[42] The shift of the diffraction peaks to lower angles is attributed to the larger ionic radius of Zr 4 + (0.72 )c ompared with Ni 2 + (0.69 ), Co 3 + (0.545 ), andM n 4 + (0.53 ). [34,35,40] The potential gap between the anodic and cathodic peaks was smaller in Zr-doped LNCM, implying that the reversibility of the electrochemical reactions was improved by Zr doping. In both CV curves, ap air of sharp redox peaks were observedi nt he range of 3.6-3.9 V corresponding to the Ni 2 + /Ni 4 + redox couple.…”

“…[10][11][12][13] The Li + /Ni 2 + cation mixingi sb elieved to be ak ey factor for the structural instability and phase transformation during the electrochemical cycling and it also leads to the high activationenergy barrierfor Li diffusion. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Among these, bulk doping has proved to be an effective method to enhancet he cycle and rate performance by stabilizing the structure and increasing the Li + diffusion rate. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Among these, bulk doping has proved to be an effective method to enhancet he cycle and rate performance by stabilizing the structure and increasing the Li + diffusion rate.…”

“…[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Among these, bulk doping has proved to be an effective method to enhancet he cycle and rate performance by stabilizing the structure and increasing the Li + diffusion rate. [31,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] However,t he microscopici nvestigation of cation mixing and structural stabilitya tt he atomics cale has not yet been demonstrated. [31,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] However,t he microscopici nvestigation of cation mixing and structural stabilitya tt he atomics cale has not yet been demonstrated.…”

Thermochemical investigation of Zr doping in LiNi8/12Co2/12Mn2/12O2 based on phase equilibria simulation

“…To compensate for these problems, methods such as the doping of foreign elements to improve the structural stability of crystals or coating surfaces with other materials to suppress side reactions at the cathode‐electrolyte interface have been widely attempted . Zr is considered an effective doping and/or coating material by many researchers . Improvements in the cycle and rate properties of cathodes through Zr doping have been reported and attributed to the so‐called pillar effect: Metals with higher oxidation numbers than Li are located in the Li layer by Zr doping, reducing the repulsive interactions between O 2− ions around the Li layer.…”

“…This helps to sustain the structural stability of the cathode crystal and achieve smooth Li migration during charge and discharge of the battery . Because Zr forms highly chemically stable oxides, it has also been studied as a surface treatment material that has improved cyclic performance through the suppression of side reactions …”