Abstract:Secchi disc transparency and optical properties of water, based on measurements for downward irradiance using an underwater radiometer PER-700, were studied in 23 lakes of the Suwałki Landscape Park (SLP) in 2013. Measurements of optically significant constituents of water were also performed (YSI EXO-2) and analysed. Data on water transparency from published studies were used to assess long-term changes in the optical conditions in the deepest water body in Poland -Lake Hańcza. In terms of the optical charact… Show more
“…Secchi depth (SD, cm) Measurements were taken with a conventional Secchi disk on the boat's shadowed side, and the values were recorded. These values were multiplied by a factor of 2.5 to obtain the depth of the euphotic zone (Borowiak and Borowiak 2016).…”
Abstract. Boudjellab ZE, Ghannam M, Chaib N, Chekroud Z. 2023. Short-term dynamics and growth parameters of cyanobacteria and microcystins in freshwater from the Sidi-Yacoub dam, North-east of Algeria. Biodiversitas 24: 5598-5609. The study aimed to establish the inventory of the blue-green algae species and monitoring the monthly evolution of their specific and total cell biovolume in Sidi-Yacoub dam, located northwest of Algeria from February 2021 to January 2022. At the same time, a monthly assessment of particulate and dissolved microcystin concentrations, chlorophyll pigment concentrations, and certain physicochemical parameters has been conducted. Eight species were listed, cited in descending order of their average relative abundance are: Microcystis aeruginosa (54.05%); Oscillatoria limosa (23.68%); Merismopedia sp. (8.34%); Anabaena cylindrica (3.53%); Aphanizomenon sp. (2.41%); Microcystis botrys (2.66%); Woronichinia sp. (2.95%) and Chroococcus limneticus (2.34%). The maximum value of the total biovolume, was recorded during December (27.4x106 µm3.L-1). The maximum concentration of chlorophyll-a and phycocyanin were respectively 55.26 and 47.46 µg L-1, recorded in September 2021. The microcystins detected where mainly in the cell-bound form, reaching a maximum concentration of 0.134 µg L-1 in October 2021. The principal component analysis shows a strong positive correlation between the total monthly cell biovolume, particulate microcystin (MCP) and some physicochemical parameters. M. aeruginosa has been identified as the primary producer of microcystins found in the eutrophic waters of the dam, with these microcystins being predominantly maintained in an intracellular form throughout most of the year.
“…Secchi depth (SD, cm) Measurements were taken with a conventional Secchi disk on the boat's shadowed side, and the values were recorded. These values were multiplied by a factor of 2.5 to obtain the depth of the euphotic zone (Borowiak and Borowiak 2016).…”
Abstract. Boudjellab ZE, Ghannam M, Chaib N, Chekroud Z. 2023. Short-term dynamics and growth parameters of cyanobacteria and microcystins in freshwater from the Sidi-Yacoub dam, North-east of Algeria. Biodiversitas 24: 5598-5609. The study aimed to establish the inventory of the blue-green algae species and monitoring the monthly evolution of their specific and total cell biovolume in Sidi-Yacoub dam, located northwest of Algeria from February 2021 to January 2022. At the same time, a monthly assessment of particulate and dissolved microcystin concentrations, chlorophyll pigment concentrations, and certain physicochemical parameters has been conducted. Eight species were listed, cited in descending order of their average relative abundance are: Microcystis aeruginosa (54.05%); Oscillatoria limosa (23.68%); Merismopedia sp. (8.34%); Anabaena cylindrica (3.53%); Aphanizomenon sp. (2.41%); Microcystis botrys (2.66%); Woronichinia sp. (2.95%) and Chroococcus limneticus (2.34%). The maximum value of the total biovolume, was recorded during December (27.4x106 µm3.L-1). The maximum concentration of chlorophyll-a and phycocyanin were respectively 55.26 and 47.46 µg L-1, recorded in September 2021. The microcystins detected where mainly in the cell-bound form, reaching a maximum concentration of 0.134 µg L-1 in October 2021. The principal component analysis shows a strong positive correlation between the total monthly cell biovolume, particulate microcystin (MCP) and some physicochemical parameters. M. aeruginosa has been identified as the primary producer of microcystins found in the eutrophic waters of the dam, with these microcystins being predominantly maintained in an intracellular form throughout most of the year.
“…In addition, in Lake Hańcza, considered as a-mesotrophic in the 1980s, drastic changes in the optical properties of water were also observed. In the 1990s, Secchi's minimum depths reached 2-3 m, while in the 1960s and 1970s they were greater than 5 m [50].…”
Water conductivity in 23 lakes of the Suwałki Landscape Park (SLP) was tested in the years 2012–2014. Conductivity profiles were made at the deepest place every two months between spring and autumn water mixing. The collected measurement data, supplemented with historical data, were used to identify factors that shape the spatial variability of water conductivity and to reconstruct its multiannual changes. The range of variability of the mean conductivity of surface water of the SLP lakes ranged from 178 to 522 µS cm−1. The strong negative relationship between conductivity and lake elevation (R = 0.816, p < 0.000) suggests that in the territorially compact complex of the SLP lakes, conductivity is a consequence of the location of the lake in the catchment, which, in turn, affects the structure of its water supply. However, the physical and environmental parameters of the catchment and morphometric parameters of lake basins are of secondary importance. In dimictic lakes and in those showing signs of “spring meromixis”, the magnitude of conductivity differences in the water column is determined by the lakes’ susceptibility to wind mixing expressed by the exposure index value. The developed climate models have also shown that conductivity, an indicator of water quality, is very sensitive to climate change. The analysis of the reconstructed chronological conductivity sequences shows that the deterioration of the quality of the waters of the SLP lakes first occurred at the beginning of the 21st century and a clear increasing trend has been maintained over the last decade.
“…The hydrochemical dystrophy index (HDI) was used to evaluate the state of dystrophy (Górniak, 2017), where values larger than 65 indicate advanced dystrophy. The depth of the euphotic zone was estimated by multiplying SDV by 2.5, the most typical ratio of euphotic zone depth to SDV for lakes in northern Poland (Borowiak and Borowiak, 2016) while for dystrophic lakes a coefficient of 1.5 was used according to Eloranta (1978).…”
Deep chlorophyll maxima (DCM) are a common phenomenon in low-trophic stratified lakes, and there is much less information about the occurrence of DCM in eutrophic and dystrophic lakes. Therefore, we performed in situ continuous measurements of chlorophyll concentration by a submersible spectrofluorometer in 23 temperate lakes with different trophic conditions (mesotrophic, eutrophic, and dystrophic). We perform chemical analyses of available nutrient forms to better understand the mechanism of DCM formation. We found the highest concentration of phytoplankton in the metalimnion or upper hypolimnion of most studied lakes, regardless of trophic conditions. Nevertheless, the differences in the number of phytoplankton between DCM and epilimnion were largest in low-trophic lakes, where the chl a concentration in DCM was even 15 times higher than that in the epilimnion. The mesotrophic lakes showed vertical niche segregation by phytoplankton, with a general pattern − green algae in the upper layer, below diatoms, then cryptophytes (and cyanobacteria). Our results indicated that the main factor for DCM in mesotrophic and eutrophic lakes was epilimnetic nutrient depletion, while in dystrophic lakes, it seems to be caused by other factors due to the depletion of dissolved nutrients in whole water profiles.
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