Comparative studies of the ultrastructure of the sebaceous gland

Jenkinson, D. McEwan; Elder, H. Y.; Montgomery, I; Moss, V. A.

doi:10.1016/0040-8166(85)90004-7

Cited by 39 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Increasing cell size, lipid accumulation, and altered antigen expression are also features of sebaceous differentiation in vivo [3, 34, 35]. The rates of initial-stage and late-stage differentiated sebocytes in vitro are similar to the rates reported for sebocytes in vivo, i.e.…”

Section: Human Sebocytes In Vitro Preserve Major Characteristics Of Tsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…40 and 60% [31]. Despite the preservation of several markers of sebocyte differentiation in culture, the 4 to 8% rate of mature sebocytes in vitro was lower than the 20% rate reported for mature sebocytes in vivo [35]. In addition, cultured sebocytes were shown to produce lower amounts of squalene and wax esters than sebaceous glands in vivo and fresh isolated sebaceous glands [10, 36, 37] (table 2) and exhibit a moderate increase in cell size during differentiation in contrast to the marked increase in sebocyte volume in vivo (100- to 150-fold) [34, 35].…”

Section: Human Sebocytes In Vitro Preserve Major Characteristics Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Human Sebocyte Culture Model Provides New Insights into Development and Management of Seborrhoea and Acne

et al. 1998

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Seborrhoea and acne are exclusively human diseases and sebaceous gland differentiation is species specific. Therefore, fundamental research on human sebaceous cell function and control requires human in vitro models. The human sebocyte culture model, introduced in 1989, has been used in several studies to elucidate sebaceous gland activity and its regulation at the cellular level. Cultured human sebocytes have been shown to preserve important sebocytic characteristics, although they undergo an incomplete terminal differentiation in vitro. In vitro synthesis of free fatty acids without bacterial involvement and marked interleukin 1α expression at the mRNA and protein levels with no further induction by lipopolysaccharides lead to the assumption that human sebocytes may initiate acne lesions by an intrinsic mechanism. Androgens affected sebocyte activity in vitro in a manner dependent on the localization of the sebaceous glands. In vitro stimulation of sebocyte proliferation by androgens could be completely abolished by spironolactone. Cultured sebocytes strongly expressed type 1 5α-reductase and metabolized testosterone to androstenedione, 5α-androstanedione, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, androsterone and 5α-androstanediol, whereas the levels of 5α-reductase activity were probably not feedback regulated. 4,7β-Dimethyl-4-aza-5αcholestan-3-one, a type 1 5α-reductase inhibitor, induced an early, marked down-regulation of 5α-reductase activity in human sebocytes in vitro, while hydrofinasteride, a type 2 inhibitor, required 10³-fold higher concentrations to induce similar effects. Stimulation of sebocyte proliferation by insulin, thyroid-stimulating hormone and hydrocortisone indicates that the hormonal control of the sebaceous gland could be a complex mechanism. Retinoids inhibited sebocyte proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and down-regulated lipid synthesis and sebocyte differentiation in vitro. Isotretinoin was the most potent compound. On the other hand, vitamin A was found essential for sebocyte activity and differentiation in vitro and could be partially substituted by synthetic retinoids. The inhibitory effect of isotretinoin on sebocyte proliferation was barely affected by the presence of vitamin A. The low persistent isotretinoin levels or, more likely, the considerably elevated tretinoin concentrations detected in human sebocytes after treatment with isotretinoin in vitro may be responsible for the inhibitory effect of this compound on sebocyte activity.

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Section: Human Sebocytes In Vitro Preserve Major Characteristics Of Tsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Human Sebocytes In Vitro Preserve Major Characteristics Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Human Sebocyte Culture Model Provides New Insights into Development and Management of Seborrhoea and Acne

et al. 1998

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“…Another classical classification distinguishes three different zones. The peripheral zone is composed of flattened or cuboidal cells and forms about 40% of the gland [23,46,47]. These undifferentiated cells have a high nucleocytoplasmic ratio, are in contact with the basal lamina, and are mitotically active.…”

Section: Sebaceous Differentiation Is a Continuous Process Of Stage Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its cells are distorted due to the lipid load. The nuclei are substantially reduced in size, organelles are generally unrecognizable, and the cells are shortly before or already in the process of degeneration and release of their cellular contents [23,47].…”

Section: Sebaceous Differentiation Is a Continuous Process Of Stage Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cells in the maturation zone contain enlarged cells bearing lipid droplets, well-developed smooth endoplasmatic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, and increasing numbers of lysosomes. The maturation zone also represents ~40% of the SG [23,47]. As differentiation advances, cells progressively accumulate lipids and experience an extraordinary increase in volume of up to 150 times [23,45].…”

Section: Sebaceous Differentiation Is a Continuous Process Of Stage Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beyond acne: Current aspects of sebaceous gland biology and function

Zouboulis¹,

Picardo

Qiang

et al. 2016

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

116

112

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The sebaceous gland is mostly found in association with a hair follicle. Its traditional function is the holocrine production of sebum, a complex mixture of lipids, cell debris, and other rather poorly characterized substances. Due to the gland central role in acne pathogenesis, early research had focused on its lipogenic activity. Less-studied aspects of the sebaceous gland, such as stem cell biology, the regulation of cellular differentiation by transcription factors, the significance of specific lipid fractions, the endocrine and specially the neuroendocrine role of the sebaceous gland, and its contribution to the innate immunity, the detoxification of the skin and skin aging have recently attracted the attention of researchers from different disciplines. Here, we summarize recent, multidisciplinary progress in sebaceous gland research and discuss how sebaceous gland research may stimulate the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting specific molecular pathways of the pathogenesis of skin diseases.

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