Comparative Sensitivity of Mosquito Species and Strains to the Repellent Diethyl Toluamide1

Rutledge, L. C.; Moussa, M. A.; Lowe, C. A.; Sofield, Roy K.

doi:10.1093/jmedent/14.5.536

Cited by 51 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) is considered the most broad spectrum and effective insect repellent available (22). Although effective, DEET is also known to be toxic (23), to have reduced efficacy with time after application, and to be ineffective against species that develop resistance (24). The need for a new, more effective, and less toxic repellent is evident, and to develop a new repellent the mechanism of their action must first be elucidated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of Anopheles gambiae Odorant-binding Proteins with a Human-derived Repellent

Murphy

Booth

Davrazou

et al. 2013

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background: Odorant-binding proteins mediate recognition of odors that guide mosquito behavior. Results: Studies of AgamOBP1 reveal the binding site for the natural repellent 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (6-MH). Conclusion: 6-MH binds to the same site as DEET and blocks the interaction of AgamOBP1 with other OBPs. Significance: In targeting OBPs in mosquitoes, the location of repellent binding may count more than the binding affinity.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of Anopheles gambiae Odorant-binding Proteins with a Human-derived Repellent

Murphy

Booth

Davrazou

et al. 2013

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Despite the proven efficacy of DEET as a repellent, during laboratory and field trials it is common to find that a small proportion of mosquitoes are not repelled by the compound (13)(14)(15). Boeckh et al (4) demonstrated that DEET reduced, but did not entirely eliminate, the approach of A. aegypti to host odors, and experiments with Drosophila melanogaster (16,17) and A. aegypti (18) have shown the presence of DEET-insensitive individuals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral insensitivity to DEET in Aedes aegypti is a genetically determined trait residing in changes in sensillum function

Stanczyk

Brookfield

Ignell

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

122

123

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N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) is one of the most effective and commonly used mosquito repellents. However, during laboratory trials a small proportion of mosquitoes are still attracted by human odors despite the presence of DEET. In this study behavioral assays identified Aedes aegypti females that were insensitive to DEET, and the selection of either sensitive or insensitive groups of females with males of unknown sensitivity over several generations resulted in two populations with different proportions of insensitive females. Crossing experiments showed the "insensitivity" trait to be dominant. Electroantennography showed a reduced response to DEET in the selected insensitive line compared with the selected sensitive line, and single sensillum recordings identified DEET-sensitive sensilla that were nonresponders in the insensitive line. This study suggests that behavioral insensitivity to DEET in A. aegypti is a genetically determined dominant trait and resides in changes in sensillum function.O ne of the most widely used and effective insect repellents available is the synthetic compound N,N-Diethyl-mtoluamide (DEET) (1). DEET was identified more than 50 years ago by a structure-activity study of synthetic compounds and, although a number of compounds with similar activity have been identified, their efficacy is often judged by comparison with DEET (2). The mode of action of DEET has not been elucidated fully. It was originally thought to act by affecting the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) sensitive to lactic acid (3) and thus inhibit the mosquito's response to this, normally attractive, compound (4-6), but this view was challenged by the finding that DEET can function as a repellent even when other attractants are present (4, 7). A recent investigation on Anopheles gambiae has suggested that the ORN for 1-octen-3-ol, a component of human sweat (8) that in combination with CO 2 acts as an attractant for this species (9, 10), is blocked by DEET, and thus, in the presence of DEET, a higher concentration of the 1-octen-3-ol is required for the mosquitoes to be able to detect it (11). However, Syed and Leal (12) investigated this theory by using Culex quinquefasciatus and suggest that the reduction in response to the 1-octen-3-ol in this species is not because of a diminished response of the ORN but to interactions between the two compounds when DEET and 1-octen-3-ol are tested in the same cartridge. Additionally, single sensillum recordings have identified an ORN that responds directly to DEET in C. quinquefasciatus (12) and Aedes aegypti (4), indicating that these mosquito species are actively detecting DEET rather than DEET interfering with an ORN detecting another compound.Despite the proven efficacy of DEET as a repellent, during laboratory and field trials it is common to find that a small proportion of mosquitoes are not repelled by the compound (13-15). Boeckh et al. (4) demonstrated that DEET reduced, but did not entirely eliminate, the approach of A. aegypti to host odors, and experiments with Dros...

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“…Adults were maintained on 0.3 M sucrose-impregnated cotton. To generate reassortant viruses, we fed mosquitoes on specific antibodyfree defibrinated rabbit blood containing 5.0-7.0 logs 10 /ml of a mixture of LACV and JCV in a 37ЊC water-jacketed membrane feeder 29 fitted with fresh mouse skin. Only fully engorged mosquitoes were kept after the feeding.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential for evolution of California serogroup bunyaviruses by genome reassortment in Aedes albopictus.

Cheng¹,

Rodas²,

Schultz³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Aedes albopictus was introduced into the United States in used tires in 1985. Its successful colonization of the upper Midwest has potential to alter the current epidemiology of bunyaviruses that circulate in the region. It is permissive for the replication of several arboviruses, including La Crosse (LACV) and Jamestown Canyon (JCV) bunyaviruses. In this study, we demonstrate the ability of LACV and JCV to coinfect Ae. albopictus mosquitoes and to form all six possible reassortant genotypes. All reassortant viruses infect Ae. albopictus orally and can be transmitted to suckling mice. All reassortants are neurovirulent in mice. However, reassortant viruses carrying the LACV M segment in the foreign genetic background of JCV are more neuroinvasive than JCV, or any other reassortant genotype. In addition, these reassortants can replicate in gerbils and infect Ae. triseriatus, characteristics of LACV, but not JCV. Because Ae. albopictus is spreading into new geographic areas and feeds on a variety of mammals, including humans, it has the potential to transmit new, emerging bunyaviruses in nature.

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Comparative Sensitivity of Mosquito Species and Strains to the Repellent Diethyl Toluamide1

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

Interactions of Anopheles gambiae Odorant-binding Proteins with a Human-derived Repellent

Interactions of Anopheles gambiae Odorant-binding Proteins with a Human-derived Repellent

Behavioral insensitivity to DEET in Aedes aegypti is a genetically determined trait residing in changes in sensillum function

Potential for evolution of California serogroup bunyaviruses by genome reassortment in Aedes albopictus.

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