Comparative salivary gland transcriptomics of sandfly vectors of visceral leishmaniasis

Anderson, Jennifer M.; Oliveira, Fabiano; Kamhawi, Shaden; Mans, Ben J.; Reynoso, David; Seitz, Amy E.; Lawyer, Phillip G.; Garfield, Mark; Pham, M. Van; Valenzuela, Jesús G.

doi:10.1186/1471-2164-7-52

Cited by 131 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…This group of proteins is similar to the PpSP15-like family of proteins present only in the saliva of sand flies, suggesting that this family was a specific invention that occurred during sand-fly evolution [14]. Thus far, the SP15 family of proteins has been reported as the most abundant protein family in most sand-fly species, although in this cDNA library, this transcript is not the most abundant; PPTSP14 transcripts are at least 2 fold more represented than PPTSP15 (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Updating the Salivary Gland Transcriptome of Phlebotomus papatasi (Tunisian Strain): The Search for Sand Fly-Secreted Immunogenic Proteins for Humans

et al. 2012

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IntroductionSand fly saliva plays an important role in both blood feeding and outcome of Leishmania infection. A cellular immune response against a Phlebotomus papatasi salivary protein was shown to protect rodents against Leishmania major infection. In humans, P. papatasi salivary proteins induce a systemic cellular immune response as well as a specific antisaliva humoral immune response, making these salivary proteins attractive targets as markers of exposure for this Leishmania vector. Surprisingly, the repertoire of salivary proteins reported for P. papatasi–a model sand fly for Leishmania-vector-host molecular interactions–is very limited compared with other sand fly species. We hypothesize that a more comprehensive study of the transcripts present in the salivary glands of P. papatasi will provide better knowledge of the repertoire of proteins of this important vector and will aid in selection of potential immunogenic proteins for humans and of those proteins that are highly conserved between different sand fly strains.Methods and FindingsA cDNA library from P. papatasi (Tunisian strain) salivary glands was constructed, and randomly selected transcripts were sequenced and analyzed. The most abundant transcripts encoding secreted proteins were identified and compared with previously reported sequences. Importantly, we identified salivary proteins not described before in this sand fly species.ConclusionsComparative analysis between the salivary proteins of P. papatasi from Tunisia and Israel strains shows a high level of identity, suggesting these proteins as potential common targets for markers of vector exposure or inducers of cellular immune responses in humans for different geographic areas.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Updating the Salivary Gland Transcriptome of Phlebotomus papatasi (Tunisian Strain): The Search for Sand Fly-Secreted Immunogenic Proteins for Humans

et al. 2012

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“…Such interspecies variability might be partially attributed to the sensitivity of sequencing methods; however, this is not likely the case of YRPs that were analyzed in the same laboratory using the same method. For example, Anderson et al [12] reported a single YRP in P . argentipes but two in P .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Diversity of Yellow-Related Proteins in Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Šíma¹,

Novotný²,

Pravda³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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Yellow-related proteins (YRPs) present in sand fly saliva act as affinity binders of bioamines, and help the fly to complete a bloodmeal by scavenging the physiological signals of damaged cells. They are also the main antigens in sand fly saliva and their recombinant form is used as a marker of host exposure to sand flies. Moreover, several salivary proteins and plasmids coding these proteins induce strong immune response in hosts bitten by sand flies and are being used to design protecting vaccines against Leishmania parasites. In this study, thirty two 3D models of different yellow-related proteins from thirteen sand fly species of two genera were constructed based on the known protein structure from Lutzomyia longipalpis. We also studied evolutionary relationships among species based on protein sequences as well as sequence and structural variability of their ligand-binding site. All of these 33 sand fly YRPs shared a similar structure, including a unique tunnel that connects the ligand-binding site with the solvent by two independent paths. However, intraspecific modifications found among these proteins affects the charges of the entrances to the tunnel, the length of the tunnel and its hydrophobicity. We suggest that these structural and sequential differences influence the ligand-binding abilities of these proteins and provide sand flies with a greater number of YRP paralogs with more nuanced answers to bioamines. All these characteristics allow us to better evaluate these proteins with respect to their potential use as part of anti-Leishmania vaccines or as an antigen to measure host exposure to sand flies.

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“…However, as protein diversity does not necessarily lead to antigenic polymorphism, protection may be achieved after immunization with salivary proteins of sand flies of the same genera or same species, due to the high degree of similarity exhibited between the salivary proteins of these species [18]. Studies of intra-specific genetic variability further support this hypothesis; low levels of genetic differentiation were displayed between the salivary protein encoding genes of two P. duboscqi populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression plasticity of Phlebotomus papatasi salivary gland genes in distinct ecotopes through the sand fly season

Coutinho-Abreu

Mukbel

Hanafi³

et al. 2011

BMC Ecol

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BackgroundSand fly saliva can drive the outcome of Leishmania infection in animal models, and salivary components have been postulated as vaccine candidates against leishmaniasis. In the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi, natural sugar-sources modulate the activity of proteins involved in meal digestion, and possibly influence vectorial capacity. However, only a handful of studies have assessed the variability of salivary components in sand flies, focusing on the effects of environmental factors in natural habitats. In order to better understand such interactions, we compared the expression profiles of nine P. papatasi salivary gland genes of specimens inhabiting different ecological habitats in Egypt and Jordan and throughout the sand fly season in each habitat.ResultsThe majority of investigated genes were up-regulated in specimens from Swaymeh late in the season, when the availability of sugar sources is reduced due to water deprivation. On the other hand, these genes were not up-regulated in specimens collected from Aswan, an irrigated area less susceptible to drought effects.ConclusionExpression plasticity of genes involved with vectorial capacity in disease vectors may play an important epidemiological role in the establishment of diseases in natural habitats.

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Comparative salivary gland transcriptomics of sandfly vectors of visceral leishmaniasis

Cited by 131 publications

References 54 publications

Updating the Salivary Gland Transcriptome of Phlebotomus papatasi (Tunisian Strain): The Search for Sand Fly-Secreted Immunogenic Proteins for Humans

Updating the Salivary Gland Transcriptome of Phlebotomus papatasi (Tunisian Strain): The Search for Sand Fly-Secreted Immunogenic Proteins for Humans

The Diversity of Yellow-Related Proteins in Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Expression plasticity of Phlebotomus papatasi salivary gland genes in distinct ecotopes through the sand fly season

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