Comparative quantitative study of the intrinsic cardiac ganglia and neurons in the rat, guinea pig, dog and human as revealed by histochemical staining for acetylcholinesterase

Morphology of the Intrinsic Cardiac Nervous System in the Dog: A Whole-Mount Study Employing Histochemical Staining with Acetylcholinesterase

“…Ganglia classified as small ranged from a few neurons to as large as a quarter of a square. Based on our previous findings regarding the relationship between the number of neurons residing within a ganglion and its area in the hearts of dogs [Pauza et al, 1999[Pauza et al, , 2002, it was estimated that on average the small, medium-sized and large epicardiac ganglia contain 103 (159 in juveniles, 42 in adults), 377 (561 in juveniles, 284 in adults) and 945 (602 in juveniles, 1,296 in adults) neurons per ganglion, respectively. These approximations were used to evaluate a percentage distribution of intrinsic neurons pertaining to distinct cardiac regions and/or neural subplexuses.…”

Systematic and comparative morphologies of the extrinsic cardiac nervous system in lemurs (Primates: Strepsirrhini: Infraorder Lemuriformes, Gray, 1821) with evolutionary morphological implications

“…Due to the functional significance of the heart, the morphology of the complicated autonomic cardiac nervous system that plays important roles in the cardiac regulation has been well studied in the human (Ellison and Williams, 1962;Fukuyama, 1982;Harman, 1900;Hausman, 1956;Janes et al, 1986;Kawashima, 2005Kawashima, , 2011Sasaki, 2005, 2007;Kuntz, 1946;Kuntz and Morehouse, 1930;Mizeres, 1963;Mitchell, 1953;Pauza et al, 2002aPauza et al, ,b, 2000Pick, 1970;Tanaka, 2005;Wrete, 1959). Experimental and developmental studies of the autonomic cardiac nervous system have also been conducted in animals such as the mouse, rat, rabbit, chick, and dog (Armour et al, 1972;Benítez et al, 1959;Brack et al, 2011;Gomez, 1958;Haws and Burgess, 1978;Hildreth et al, 2008Hildreth et al, , 2009Kirby et al, 1980;Kuratani et al, 1991;Kuratani and Tanaka, 1990;Levy et al, 1966;Mabe and Hoover, 2011;Meyer et al, 2010;Mizeres, 1955Mizeres, , 1957Mizeres, , 1958Mizuno et al, 2010;Oliveira et al, 2010;Roberts, 1991;Schwartz, 2010;Scherlag et al, 2011;Shaner, 1930;…”

Autonomic cardiac nerves: literature review

“…However, they found no ganglia around the coronary groove. Cardiac ganglia were located similarly in other species: midday gerbil, Egyptian spiny mouse, chinchilla [34], rat, and guinea pig [48] and rabbit [57]. In the Egyptian mouse, a plexoganglium on the dorsal side of the left ventricle, in the immediate vicinity of the interventricular groove, was found apart from atrial plexoganglia.…”

“…A review of literature shows that they can be oval, spherical, fusiform, or elongated. Pauza et al [48] studied cardiac ganglia in several mammalian species (rat, guinea pig, dog, and human) and, despite this polymorphism, they discerned two main morphological types of ganglia: spherical and straight (flat). In spherical ganglia, nerve cells were densely packed and contained 100-200 neurons.…”