Comparative Proteomics Analysis of Serum Proteins in Gestational Diabetes during Early and Middle Stages of Pregnancy

Abstract

Purpose This study is designed to screen serum proteins that may serve as biomarkers for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and clarify the mechanisms of disease. Experimental Design By using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation proteomics analysis, serum proteins levels were quantified in pregnant women who subsequently developed GDM (12–16 weeks), GDM patients (24–28 weeks), and their corresponding controls. The strategy of mixing samples is used in proteomic analysis. Results Thirty‐one and 27 differentially expressed proteins are identified in the serum of pregnant women with developed GDM at 12–16 weeks and GDM patients during 24–28 weeks, respectively. Thirty eight and 28 proteins are identified in 24–28 weeks versus 12–16 weeks controls (24/12 CTR group), and 24–28 weeks GDM patients versus 12–16 weeks women with subsequently developed GDM (24/12 GDM group), respectively. Most of these proteins in the case and control subjects are associated with diabetes and maternal and perinatal short‐ and long‐term complications. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance The results highlight the roles of complement system and the blood clotting cascade in the pathogenesis of GDM. Differentially expressed proteins may serve as potential biomarkers for GDM prediction and diagnosis in the future.

Quantitative Comparative Proteomics Reveals Candidate Biomarkers for the Early Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Preliminary Study

“…Increased levels of C3 have been associated with diabetes and insulin resistance (19)(20)(21). Shen et al, however, reported decreased complement C3 concentration in GDM samples (6). Another significant finding of the present study is the moderate up-regulation of vitronectin (P04004), which has been previously identified as an independent candidate biomarker for GDM.…”

“…Another significant finding of the present study is the moderate up-regulation of vitronectin (P04004), which has been previously identified as an independent candidate biomarker for GDM. Additionally, over-expression of the complement factor H (P08603) was observed, which has been previously associated with various metabolic disorders and obesity (6,22).…”

Proteomics Analysis of Serum Proteins in Gestational Diabetes

“…Studies have shown that in patients with poorly controlled GDM, higher concentrations of high-density lipoproteins and higher triglyceride levels were detected in the third trimester, and the second and third trimesters, respectively. Another study suggested that APOA-II, APOC3 [19], APOE and PON1 [9] might be candidate biomarkers for GDM. Consistent with the above studies, we observed signi cantly higher levels of apolipoproteins APOE and APOC3 in the serum of GDM pregnant women.…”

“…With the help of differential proteomics, the pathogenesis of GDM can be further explored due to the fact that the protein secreted into the maternal circulation re ects the physiological or disease state, and change in the expression level indicates the risk [8]. So far, comparative analysis of proteomics from different sources in different periods of GDM has been conducted in a number of studies [9,10], showing a great potential of proteomics in GDM research.…”

A Critical Review of Proteomic Studies in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

“…Second, peripheral blood and urine exosome samples were also drawn at the same time with diagnosis and used to identify biomarkers for precision diagnosis or classification [ 29 , 31 , 41 , 45 ]. Third, placental tissues, umbilical blood, omental adipose tissues, abdominus skeletal muscle tissue, and colostrum whey were obtained during or after delivery and used to identify markers for the pathogenesis of GDM or fetal outcomes [ 28 , 30 , 33 – 36 , 39 , 40 , 43 , 44 , 46 ].…”