Comparative Proteomic Analysis Provides New Insights into the Molecular Basis of Thermal-Induced Parthenogenesis in Silkworm (Bombyx mori)

Abstract

Artificial parthenogenetic induction via thermal stimuli in silkworm is an important technique that has been used in sericultural production. However, the molecular mechanism underlying it remains largely unknown. We have created a fully parthenogenetic line (PL) with more than 85% occurrence and 80% hatching rate via hot water treatment and genetic selection, while the parent amphigenetic line (AL) has less than 30% pigmentation rate and less than 1% hatching rate when undergoing the same treatment. Here, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based analysis were used to investigate the key proteins and pathways associated with silkworm parthenogenesis. We uncovered the unique proteomic features of unfertilized eggs in PL. In total, 274 increased abundance proteins and 211 decreased abundance proteins were identified relative to AL before thermal induction. Function analysis displayed an increased level of translation and metabolism in PL. After thermal induction, 97 increased abundance proteins and 187 decreased abundance proteins were identified. An increase in stress response-related proteins and decrease in energy metabolism suggested that PL has a more effective response to buffer the thermal stress than AL. Cell cycle-related proteins, including histones, and spindle-related proteins were decreased in PL, indicating an important role of this decrease in the process of ameiotic parthenogenesis.

iTRAQ-Based Proteomic and Physiological Analyses Reveal the Mechanisms of Dehydration and Cryopreservation Tolerance of Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep. Seeds

“…We identified 97,996 known spectra, 66,953 unique spectra, 12,530 peptides, 9568 unique peptides, and 3898 proteins, respectively (Table S1 and Figure S1). Based on previous studies [38], differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were defined based on a 1.2-1.5 fold change threshold. Among the proteins, only one protein in two or three replicates Note: *, **, and *** mean that the difference between the two groups is less than 0.05 (p < 0.05), 0.01 (p < 0.01), 0.001 (p < 0.001), respectively; ns means that the difference between the two groups is more than 0.05.…”

“…We identified 97,996 known spectra, 66,953 unique spectra, 12,530 peptides, 9568 unique peptides, and 3898 proteins, respectively (Table S1 and Figure S1). Based on previous studies [38], differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were defined based on a 1.2-1.5 fold change threshold. Among the proteins, only one protein in two or three replicates with fold changes ≥1.2 was defined up-regulated or ≤0.83 as down-regulated.…”

High and Low Temperatures Differentially Affect Survival, Reproduction, and Gene Transcription in Male and Female Moths of Spodoptera frugiperda

“…In insects, the chorion has the essential function of protecting the embryo from external agents during development while allowing gas exchange for respiration [72]. In B. mori, an earlier study showed that heat shock treatment to pupae resulted in upregulation of vitellogenin expression in both the ovary and fat body [73], and a recent study further demonstrated that thermal induction induced upregulation of chorion class A and B proteins [74]. The upregulation of these genes indicates their role in reproductive protection upon heat shock.…”