Comparative proteome and transcriptome analyses of wild-type and live vaccine strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum

Kang, Min-Su; Kwon, Yong-Kuk; Kim, Hye-Ryoung; Oh, Jae Young; Kim, Mi Jin; An, Byung-Ki; Shin, Eunhyuk; Kwon, Jun-Hun; Park, Choi‐Kyu

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.08.048

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The ssaK gene is a T3SS encoded by SPI-2 and is required to inject effector proteins into host cells to facilitate intramacrophage survival and virulence levels in an animal host [ 71 ]. Interestingly, a comparative proteomic study with wild-type and live 9R vaccines identified 42 virulence genes, including invJ and ssaK , that were downregulated in the vaccine strain [ 72 ]. Our results reinforce the notion that the attenuation of SG 9R strains may be a result of combined defects in virulence factors [ 72 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, a comparative proteomic study with wild-type and live 9R vaccines identified 42 virulence genes, including invJ and ssaK , that were downregulated in the vaccine strain [ 72 ]. Our results reinforce the notion that the attenuation of SG 9R strains may be a result of combined defects in virulence factors [ 72 ]. Additional studies exploring point mutations in 9R-based vaccines may further clarify the picture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomic Characterization and Genetic Profiles of Salmonella Gallinarum Strains Isolated from Layers with Fowl Typhoid in Colombia

Chacón

Ramı́rez²,

Cueva

et al. 2023

Genes

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Salmonella Gallinarum (SG) is the causative agent of fowl typhoid (FT), a disease that is harmful to the poultry industry. Despite sanitation and prophylactic measures, this pathogen is associated with frequent disease outbreaks in developing countries, causing high morbidity and mortality. We characterized the complete genome sequence of Colombian SG strains and then performed a comparative genome analysis with other SG strains found in different regions worldwide. Eight field strains of SG plus a 9R-derived vaccine were subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and bioinformatics analysis, and the results were used for subsequent molecular typing; virulome, resistome, and mobilome characterization; and a comparative genome study. We identified 26 chromosome-located resistance genes that mostly encode efflux pumps, and point mutations were found in gyrase genes (gyrA and gyrB), with the gyrB mutation S464T frequently found in the Colombian strains. Moreover, we detected 135 virulence genes, mainly in 15 different Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs). We generated an SPI profile for SG, including C63PI, CS54, ssaD, SPI-1, SPI-2, SPI-3, SPI-4, SPI-5, SPI-6, SPI-9, SPI-10, SPI-11, SPI-12, SPI-13, and SPI-14. Regarding mobile genetic elements, we found the plasmids Col(pHAD28) and IncFII(S) in most of the strains and 13 different prophage sequences, indicating a frequently obtained profile that included the complete phage Gifsy_2 and incomplete phage sequences resembling Escher_500465_2, Shigel_SfIV, Entero_mEp237, and Salmon_SJ46. This study presents, for the first time, the genomic content of Colombian SG strains and a profile of the genetic elements frequently found in SG, which can be further studied to clarify the pathogenicity and evolutionary characteristics of this serotype.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Characterization and Genetic Profiles of Salmonella Gallinarum Strains Isolated from Layers with Fowl Typhoid in Colombia

Chacón

Ramı́rez²,

Cueva

et al. 2023

Genes

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“…A nonsense mutation in the lipopolysaccharide ( rfa ) gene cluster was found to be a likely attenuation and they hypothesized that any residual virulence in the vaccine was due to intact SPI-2 and spv genes ( 15 ). A comparative proteome and transcriptome analysis of the SG9R vaccine strain with two wild-type strains, 287/91 and 06Q110, found that the lack of the phage shock protein (PspA), an ABC transporter protein, and a flagellar component FliM, contributed to the avirulent nature of the vaccine strain and that the impaired expression of the SPI-1 or SPI-2 type III secretion system (TTSS) is a key factor ( 16 ). It was also reported that numerous mutations are required for reversion to virulence unless the mutation completely restored the regulation of the SPI-1 and SPI-2 gene clusters ( 16 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella gallinarum strains from outbreaks of fowl typhoid fever in Southern Africa closely related to SG9R vaccines

Beylefeld

Abolnik

2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionSalmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum (SG) is associated with fowl typhoid fever, and the attenuated rough strain SG9R is widely used as a vaccine in many regions. Reversion to virulence of vaccine strains was suspected as the cause during recent fowl typhoid fever outbreaks in poultry in South Africa and Eswatini.MethodsTo compare nine field isolates with global wild-type SG9 strains and the two commercial SG9R vaccines in use, Nobilis® SG9R and Cevac®-SG, we used whole-genome comparison with single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection.ResultsSNP phylogenic analysis showed that all the southern African field isolates were more closely related to the vaccine strains than wild-type SG9 strains. Furthermore, SNPs in the pyruvate dehydrogenase (aceE) and/or lipopolysaccharide 1,2-glucosyltransferase (rfaJ) genes, which are known markers of attenuation, were found in four of the field isolates along with intact spv, SPI-1, and SPI-2 gene clusters, providing conclusive evidence that these four isolates were originally vaccine strains that reverted to virulence. Five other field isolates lacked the SG9R attenuation markers, but variant analysis identified an SNP in the yihX gene, insertions in the ybjX and hydH genes, and deletions in the ftsK and sadA genes that were shared between the field isolates and vaccine strains but absent in wild-type SG9, indicating that these field isolates were also likely revertant vaccines.DiscussionOverall, this study highlights different mechanisms of reversion of two commercial vaccines, where virulence caused by field isolates closely related to the Nobilis® SG9R vaccine was associated with the restoration of intact virulence gene clusters, and those derived from the Cevac®-SG vaccine were characterized by point mutations resulting in restored aceE and rfaJ genes. A possible new marker of attenuation was identified as a point mutation in the yihX gene, as well as four new candidate genes that could potentially be used to distinguish current vaccine strains from wild-type strains using PCR assays.

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“…Until recently, the attenuation of this strain was believed to be due solely to a defect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis (5). However, a recent comparative analysis of its proteome and transcriptome showed that 9R may also be impaired in the regulation of several virulence factors (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Protective Efficacy of Live Attenuated Salmonella enterica Serovar Gallinarum Vaccine Strains against Fowl Typhoid in Chickens

Łaniewski

Mitra

Khan

et al. 2014

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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c Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum is the etiological agent of fowl typhoid, which constitutes a considerable economic problem for poultry growers in developing countries. The vaccination of chickens seems to be the most effective strategy to control the disease in those areas. We constructed S. Gallinarum strains with a deletion of the global regulatory gene fur and evaluated their virulence and protective efficacy in Rhode Island Red chicks and Brown Leghorn layers. The fur deletion mutant was avirulent and, when delivered orally to chicks, elicited excellent protection against lethal S. Gallinarum challenge. It was not as effective when given orally to older birds, although it was highly immunogenic when delivered by intramuscular injection. We also examined the effect of a pmi mutant and a combination of fur deletions with mutations in the pmi and rfaH genes, which affect O-antigen synthesis, and ansB, whose product inhibits host T-cell responses. The S. Gallinarum ⌬pmi mutant was only partially attenuated, and the ⌬ansB mutant was fully virulent. The ⌬fur ⌬pmi and ⌬fur ⌬ansB double mutants were attenuated but not protective when delivered orally to the chicks. However, a ⌬pmi ⌬fur strain was highly immunogenic when administered intramuscularly. All together, our results show that the fur gene is essential for the virulence of S. Gallinarum, and the fur mutant is effective as a live recombinant vaccine against fowl typhoid.

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Comparative proteome and transcriptome analyses of wild-type and live vaccine strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

Genomic Characterization and Genetic Profiles of Salmonella Gallinarum Strains Isolated from Layers with Fowl Typhoid in Colombia

Genomic Characterization and Genetic Profiles of Salmonella Gallinarum Strains Isolated from Layers with Fowl Typhoid in Colombia

Salmonella gallinarum strains from outbreaks of fowl typhoid fever in Southern Africa closely related to SG9R vaccines

Evaluation of Protective Efficacy of Live Attenuated Salmonella enterica Serovar Gallinarum Vaccine Strains against Fowl Typhoid in Chickens

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