Comparative population studies of three Pieris butterflies, P. rapae, P. melete and P. napi, living in the same area III. Difference in the annual generation numbers in relation to habitat selection by adults

Ohsaki, Naota

doi:10.1007/bf02515599

Cited by 36 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…P. rapae uses ephemeral food plants, including cultivated crops and weeds that grow primarily in sunny habitats (e.g., Ohsaki 1979Ohsaki , 1986. P. rapae females exhibit several characteristics that make them effective colonizers, such as short generation time and production of many small eggs (Ohsaki 1980(Ohsaki , 1982. By contrast, P. melete and P. napi use plants whose locations tend to be longer lasting (Ohsaki and Sato 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…While each species is a crucifer specialist, the three species use different sets of cruciferous food plants. P. rapae uses ephemeral food plants, including cultivated crops and weeds that grow primarily in sunny habitats (e.g., Ohsaki 1979Ohsaki , 1986. P. rapae females exhibit several characteristics that make them effective colonizers, such as short generation time and production of many small eggs (Ohsaki 1980(Ohsaki , 1982.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Food Plant Choice of Pieris Butterflies as a Trade‐Off between Parasitoid Avoidance and Quality of Plants

Ohsaki¹,

Sato²

1994

Ecology

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194

153

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This report assesses the role of specialist parasitoids in providing a major selection pressure for food plant preference in herbivorous insects. Three Pieris butterflies, P. rapae crucivora, P. melete, and P. napi japonica, use different sets of cruciferous larval food plants. P. rapae is oligophagous and uses ephemeral plants. P. melete is polyphagous and uses persistent plants, as well as all of the ephemeral plants used by P. rapae. On the other hand, P. napi is locally monophagous, using persistent Arabis. We assessed the intrinsic suitability of these crucifers by measuring survival rates, development times, and pupal mass of larvae growing on them at a constant temperature. All of the food plants of P. rapae, and P. melete are suitable for larvae of the three Pieris species. On the other hand, food plants of P. napi are the least suitable for all three species. Pieris species. On the other hand, food plants of P. napi are the least suitable for all three species. Pieris larvae have two specialist parasitoids, the braconid wasp Cotesia glomerata (formerly Apanteles glomeratus) and the tachinid fly Epicampocera succincta. In newly established habitats, P. rapae can avoid both parasitoids. In long—lasting habitats, however, P. rapae is heavily parasitized by both parasitoids. P. melete and P. napi, by contrast, live only in long—lasting habitats, where the parasitic pressure is potentially high. However, P. melete can partially avoid parasitism by killing the eggs of C. glomerata by encapsulation, through parasitized by E. succincta. On the other hand, P. napi seems to have evolved behavioral avoidance of parasitoids by specializing on Arabis plants. The different food plant preferences of the three Pieris species can be interpreted as resulting from differences in the balance of a trade—off between parasitoid avoidance and the intrinsic quality of potential food plants of Pieris species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Plant Choice of Pieris Butterflies as a Trade‐Off between Parasitoid Avoidance and Quality of Plants

Ohsaki¹,

Sato²

1994

Ecology

Self Cite

194

153

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…P. melete prefers plants in persistent habitat at forest edges, whereas P. rapae prefers plants in temporary habitat in open areas and thus uses mainly crop plants (Ohsaki 1982). As crop cultivation has proceeded into formerly forested areas, P. melete is believed to have expanded its host range to crop plants (Ohsaki and Sato 1994).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In crop fields at forest edges, these two species often coexist on various crop plants. (Ohsaki 1982;Iwao et al 1989;Iwao and Ohsaki 1996). Iwao and Ohsaki (1996) showed that E. succincta has contest-type intraspecific competition: only one individual can grow from one host no matter how many parasitize it.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant‐based host preference and larval competition of the tachinid parasitoid Epicampocera succincta

2001

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We investigated the causes of among-plant variation in the parasitism rate of Pieris melete larvae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) by the parasitoid fly Epicampocera succincta (Diptera: Tachinidae). The rate of parasitism by E. succincta was much higher on the bitter cress Cardamine appendiculata than on any other cruciferous plants. Adult female flies were found to be more attracted to C. appendiculata than to other cruciferous plants for searching for hosts. The parasitoid appeared to be unable to distinguish P. melete from an alternative host, Pieris rapae larvae, that coexisted with P. melete on most crucifer plants. Similarly, E. succincta failed to avoid P. rapae parasitized by the braconid wasp Cotesia glomerata. C. glomerata is a superior competitor to E. succincta if occupying the same host, killing the host before the E. succincta larva can grow and depriving the larva of the chance to survive. E. succincta attacked P. rapae larvae on most cruciferous plants, many of which were already occupied by C. glomerata; only on Cardamine appendiculata was E. succincta free from interspecific competition, because only P. melete was found on this particular plant. However, the strong preference for the hosts on C. appendiculata incurred heavy intraspecific competition among larvae on this plant, killing as great a proportion of larvae as interspecific competition did on the other plants. The balance between the strength of intraspecific competition on the preferred plant and of interspecific competition on the other plants appeared to maintain plant preference by E. succincta.

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“…rapae crucivora (Suzuki, 1980;Ohsaki, 1982). In this species the male actively flies in search for females and immediately on finding virgin females he attempts to mate them (Ohtani, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Allocation to the Reproductive and Feeding Behaviors in the Male Cabbage Butterfly

Hirota

Obara

2000

Zoological Science

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ABSTRACT-Individually marked males of Pieris rapae crucivora, were observed to determine how they allocate time to reproduction and feeding. Males were found to alternately feed and search for females. This manner of time allocation persisted throughout the day. The total times that males allocated to the two behaviors were positively correlated, i.e. those males that spent longer searching for females, also feed for longer periods. Males, however, tended to allocate more time to the female-searching in the morning than in the afternoon, while time allocated to feeding throughout the day. Older males spent more time searching for females in the morning. The body weight of male butterflies also changed as they aged. The results are discussed in terms of both proximal and ultimate aspects of female-search.

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Comparative population studies of three Pieris butterflies, P. rapae, P. melete and P. napi, living in the same area III. Difference in the annual generation numbers in relation to habitat selection by adults

Cited by 36 publications

References 16 publications

Food Plant Choice of Pieris Butterflies as a Trade‐Off between Parasitoid Avoidance and Quality of Plants

Food Plant Choice of Pieris Butterflies as a Trade‐Off between Parasitoid Avoidance and Quality of Plants

Plant‐based host preference and larval competition of the tachinid parasitoid Epicampocera succincta

Time Allocation to the Reproductive and Feeding Behaviors in the Male Cabbage Butterfly

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