Comparative population genetics of a parasitic nematode and its host community: The trichostrongylid Neoheligmonella granjoni and Mastomys rodents in southeastern Senegal

Brouat, Carine; Tatard, Caroline; Machín, Alex Hansen; Kané, Mamadou; Diouf, Malick; Bâ, Khalilou; Duplantier, Jean‐Marc

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.07.014

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Though it has been shown that parasitic nematodes can exhibit null alleles (Grillo et al 2007;Silvestre et al 2009;Brouat et al 2011), we demonstrate that their prevalence is weak in our focal species. We furthermore show by simulation that the level of null allele frequency we detect is unlikely to bias our estimates of consanguinity and of the Wahlund effect.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Heterozygote deficits in cyst plant‐parasitic nematodes: possible causes and consequences

et al. 2015

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Deviations of genotypic frequencies from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) expectations could reveal important aspects of the biology of populations. Deviations from HWE due to heterozygote deficits have been recorded for three plant-parasitic nematode species. However, it has never been determined whether the observed deficits were due (i) to the presence of null alleles, (ii) to a high level of consanguinity and/or (iii) to a Wahlund effect. The aim of the present work was, while taking into the possible confounding effect of null alleles, to disentangle consanguinity and Wahlund effect in natural populations of those three economically important cyst nematodes using microsatellite markers: Globodera pallida, G. tabacum and Heterodera schachtii, pests of potato, tobacco and sugar beet, respectively. The results show a consistent pattern of heterozygote deficiency in the three nematode species sampled at the spatial scale of the host plant. We demonstrate that the prevalence of null alleles is weak and that heterozygote deficits do not have a single origin. Our results suggested that it is restricted dispersal that leads to heterozygote deficits through both consanguinity and substructure, which effects can be linked to soil movement, cyst density, and the number of generations per year. We discuss potential implications for the durability of plant resistances that are used to protect crops against parasites in which mating between relatives occur. While consanguineous mating leads to homozygosity at all loci, including loci governing avirulence/virulence, which favours the expression of virulence when recessive, the Wahlund effect is expected to have no particular effect on the adaptation of nematodes to resistances.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Heterozygote deficits in cyst plant‐parasitic nematodes: possible causes and consequences

et al. 2015

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“…Gene flow patterns in generalist parasites (i.e. those using multiple hosts as part of their life cycle) are predicted to be influenced by host range and the vagilities of their most mobile hosts (Prugnolle et al, 2005;Brouata et al, 2011;Levin & Parker, 2013). Most comparative population genetic studies published to date, however, indicate that parasite life history can also play a role (McCoy et al, 2003;G omez-D ıaz et al, 2007;van der Mescht et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of host vicariance and parasite life history on the dispersal of the multi‐host ectoparasite, Hyalomma truncatum

Sands

Apanaskevich

Matthee

et al. 2017

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim It is predicted that the dispersal and gene flow of ectoparasites with wide host ranges are correlated with the vagilities of their most mobile hosts. To test this, the phylogeographical structure of a widespread generalist tick occurring on large ungulates was determined and compared with previously published host patterns. Location Africa. Methods mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences were generated for 182 Hyalomma truncatum specimens sampled from 21 Afrotropical localities. A subsample of these was sequenced for the nuclear Histone 3 (H3) and Calreticulin (CRT) regions. Phylogeographical inferences were made by using haplotype networks, a Bayesian analysis of population structure, isolation by distance (IBD) and a Bayesian gene tree. Demographic changes in the populations were determined with Bayesian skyline plots. Results Two highly divergent geographically confined mtDNA clades were detected, and these were partly supported by significant differentiation at nuclear DNA level. The clades differ by 9.88% (± 0.40%) mtDNA COI sequence divergence. The southern African clade, which expanded approximately 100 ka, shows no geographical barriers to dispersal and also no IBD. The northern African clade shows signs of IBD, at least five distinct genetic subgroups and an earlier expansion at 200 ka. Conclusion The phylogeography of the generalist tick is broadly congruent with host vicariance and supports the previously defined African Pleistocene savanna refugia. The magnitude of the sequence divergence between geographically separated genetic lineages suggests that H. truncatum comprises two distinct yet undescribed species. The dispersal of ectoparasites with wide host ranges is dependent on the ability of the various life stages of the parasite to survive in the off‐host environment coupled to host movement.

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“…For example, Neoheligmonella granjoni , a parasite of multimammate mice ( Mastomys spp. ), was sampled from M. natalensis and M. erythroleucus within a 70 km 2 rural area of Senegal, and genotyped at 10 microsatellite loci [ 72 ]. These data revealed an absence of genetic population structure, with alleles being distributed homogenously among sampling sites.…”

Section: Parasitic Nematodes Of Wild Terrestrial Vertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The population genetics of parasitic nematodes of wild animals

Cole

Viney

2018

Parasites Vectors

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Parasitic nematodes are highly diverse and common, infecting virtually all animal species, and the importance of their roles in natural ecosystems is increasingly becoming apparent. How genes flow within and among populations of these parasites - their population genetics - has profound implications for the epidemiology of host infection and disease, and for the response of parasite populations to selection pressures. The population genetics of nematode parasites of wild animals may have consequences for host conservation, or influence the risk of zoonotic disease. Host movement has long been recognised as an important determinant of parasitic nematode population genetic structure, and recent research has also highlighted the importance of nematode life histories, environmental conditions, and other aspects of host ecology. Commonly, factors influencing parasitic nematode population genetics have been studied in isolation, such that an integrated view of the drivers of population genetic structure of parasitic nematodes is still lacking. Here, we seek to provide a comprehensive, broad, and integrative picture of these factors in parasitic nematodes of wild animals that will be a useful resource for investigators studying non-model parasitic nematodes in natural ecosystems. Increasingly, new methods of analysing the population genetics of nematodes are becoming available, and we consider the opportunities that these afford in resolving hitherto inaccessible questions of the population genetics of these important animals.

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Comparative population genetics of a parasitic nematode and its host community: The trichostrongylid Neoheligmonella granjoni and Mastomys rodents in southeastern Senegal

Cited by 9 publications

References 63 publications

Heterozygote deficits in cyst plant‐parasitic nematodes: possible causes and consequences

Heterozygote deficits in cyst plant‐parasitic nematodes: possible causes and consequences

The effect of host vicariance and parasite life history on the dispersal of the multi‐host ectoparasite, Hyalomma truncatum

The population genetics of parasitic nematodes of wild animals

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