Comparative physiological responses to exercise stress

Hastings, A. Baird; White, Fred N.; Sanders, T. M.; Bloor, C. M.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1982.52.4.1077

Cited by 56 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Pre-exposure heart rate was within ranges reported by Hannon et al [18] and Hastings et al [28] for restrained and unrestrained conscious pigs, respectively. Although heart rate increased after the 30-or 60-s ECD exposure periods, the increases were much less than that seen in (a) other studies of steady-state and exhaustive exercise [28] and (b) the previous study of 18 repeated X26 ECD exposures [1].…”

Section: Lactate and Phsupporting

confidence: 83%

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Acute effects of an alternative electronic-control-device waveform in swine

Jauchem

Beason

Cook

2009

Forensic Sci Med Pathol

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In previous studies, repeated 5-s exposures of anesthetized pigs to an electronic control device (TASER International's Advanced TASER X26 device) resulted in acidosis and increases in blood electrolytes. In the current study, experiments were performed to investigate the effects of longer continuous exposures to a different electronic-control-device waveform. After intramuscular injection of tiletamine HCl and zolazepam HCl, anesthesia was maintained with propofol infusion. Ten pigs were exposed to either 30- or 60-s applications of an electronic waveform similar to the TASER-X26 device. Transient increases in potassium, and sodium were consistent with previous reports in the literature dealing with studies of muscle stimulation or exercise. Blood pH was significantly decreased after exposure, but subsequently returned to baseline levels. Lactate was highly elevated and remained somewhat increased even after three hrs. Serum myoglobin was increased after exposure and remained elevated for the 3-h follow-up period. Acidosis would appear to be one of the major concerns with long-duration (e.g., several min) exposures over a short period of time. Even with the extremely low pH immediately after exposure, all animals survived. On the basis of these results, further development of useful continuous-exposure electronic control devices is at least feasible, with the caveat that some medical monitoring of subjects may be required.

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Section: Lactate and Phsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Although heart rate increased after the 30-or 60-s ECD exposure periods, the increases were much less than that seen in (a) other studies of steady-state and exhaustive exercise [28] and (b) the previous study of 18 repeated X26 ECD exposures [1].…”

Section: Lactate and Phcontrasting

confidence: 65%

Acute effects of an alternative electronic-control-device waveform in swine

Jauchem

Beason

Cook

2009

Forensic Sci Med Pathol

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“…The increased RT was an expected finding, because muscle work leads to the generation of great amount of body heat. In mixed-breed dogs running in a treadmill for about 45 min and in Greyhounds racing for 48 s, RT of 40.1 ± 0.5 and 40.6 ± 0.3°C have been reported, respectively (Hastings et al, 1982;Ilkiw et al, 1989). Healthy Labrador Retrievers showed RT of 41.8 ± 0.3°C after 10 min of retrieving exercises (Matwichuk et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of exercise on physiological, blood and endocrine parameters in search and rescue-trained dogs

Rovira¹,

Muñoz²,

Benito³

2008

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:Exercise induces a variety of physiological and laboratorial changes of different magnitude and direction, depending on the characteristics of the performed exercise (duration and intensity) and on the fitness and training level of the dog. The present research aims to describe the normal response to a session of search and rescue exercise in trained dogs in order to distinguish these changes from those derived from exhaustion or diseases. Nine healthy and trained dogs of both sexes (five females and four males), aged between 24 months and seven years (mean: 3.5 years) were studied. Exercise consisted in a normal session of searching and rescue training of 20 min of duration, carried out in an open terrain. During the exercise, heart rate (HR) was monitored continuously with a HR-meter. Furthermore, respiratory rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT) were measured and venous blood samples were extracted at rest (R), immediately after exercise (E) and at 5, 15 and 30 min of a passive recuperation (5REC, 15REC and 30REC). The following laboratorial parameters were studied: red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (HB), packed cell volume (PCV), RBC volumetric indices, white blood cells (WBC), creatinine (CREAT), total plasma protein (TPP), lactate (LA), glucose (GLU), triacylglycerols (TAG), creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Na, K, Cl, cortisol (CORT) and insulin (INS). Clinical signs indicative of exhaustion or exercise intolerance were not observed in the dogs during the study. HR increased with E and remained over the reference range until 30REC. RR and RT also rose with E, with the highest RR at 5REC. RBC, HB and PCV were not affected by E, whereas WBC increased at E. TPP, GLU, AST and K were not affect by E neither by REC. E induced elevations in CK, LDH, LA and INS, reaching R values at 30REC, 30REC, 15REC and 5REC, respectively. Plasma Na decreased with E and recovered at 30REC. Plasma Cl decreased with E, without additional significant changes. Circulating CORT concentrations were reduced with E, with the highest reduction at 10REC. Modifications of RR, RT, WBC, CREAT and TAG persisted throughout the recovery period. In conclusion, significant modifications in physiological and laboratorial parameters were induced by the searching and rescue exercise, with values outside the reference range for healthy dogs. These data provide a data base for evaluating ill or injured dogs during this type of exercise. In addition, there was not evidence of dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and stress or muscle disorders in the studied dogs.

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“…The animal model was selected because of its many physiological characteristics in common with humans, including similarities in the coronary vascular anatomy and the development of coronary collateral vessels in response to ischemia [77] and in O 2 consumption (VO 2 Þ and blood flow distribution during exercise [79]. Angiogenesis was measured by assessing sprouting frequency and vessel diameter changes and by quantifying endothelial and smooth muscle cell DNA labeling.…”

Section: Angiogenesis In Exercise Training In Cardiac Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

Angiogenesis during exercise and training

2005

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In this review the factors involved in angiogenesis are discussed in their various roles in initiating angiogenesis and inducing changes in the extracellular matrix to facilitate sprouting angiogenesis which is a major part of the angiogenesis seen in exercise and exercise training. A key role in angiogenesis is played by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The regulation of blood vessel growth to match the needs of the tissue depends on the control of VEGF production through changes in the stability of its mRNA and in its rate of transcription. The detailed studies describing its characteristics and its upregulation in acute exercise are presented along with a brief overview of the changes in the extracellular matrix that facilitate sprouting angiogenesis that occurs in response to exercise and training. Although the mechanisms involved in the growth and remodeling of arterioles and larger vessels are less detailed some recent studies have provided new insights. These are presented here to show a relationship between capillary development and arteriolar growth or remodeling in exercise training that raises questions to be addressed in future studies.

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Comparative physiological responses to exercise stress

Cited by 56 publications

References 0 publications

Acute effects of an alternative electronic-control-device waveform in swine

Acute effects of an alternative electronic-control-device waveform in swine

Effect of exercise on physiological, blood and endocrine parameters in search and rescue-trained dogs

Angiogenesis during exercise and training

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