Comparative pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of intranasal and rectal midazolam formulations relative to buccal administration in rabbits

Abstract

The rectal and intranasal formulations under current development demonstrated comparative potential for administering midazolam in treating seizures in a medical emergency service.

Plasma concentrations and sedative effects of a dexmedetomidine, midazolam, and butorphanol combination after transnasal administration in healthy rabbits

“…Based on the published values of butorphanol, midazolam, and dexmedetomidine Vd of 10.8 (Portnoy & Hustead, 1992), 4.3 (Odou et al, 1999, and 1.2 (Geyer, 1999) L/ Kg, respectively, the Vd/F values that we found in our study suggest that F was correspondingly 77%, 66.1%, and 18.8% for these three drugs. Interestingly, this value of midazolam TN-bioavailability is close to the one reported by Zhuang et al (2015). In addition, Iirola et al (2011) reported low values of TN-bioavailability for dexmedetomidine in humans.…”

“…Interestingly, this value of midazolam TN‐bioavailability is close to the one reported by Zhuang et al . (). In addition, Iirola et al .…”