Comparative performance analysis of ohmic thawing and conventional thawing of spinach puree

Abstract

Nowadays dietary habits of consumers have changed to more quick and easier but at the same time healthier meals. Therefore, ready-to-eat food production and home processing of such foods are gaining importance. Spinach is one of the main ingredients used in ready-to-eat baby foods, and it is produced in chopped, blanched, juice, and powder forms. Commonly ready-to-eat meals are sold frozen. Therefore, thawing process becomes an important processing step. Conventional thawing (CT) methods require a long process time and high-energy consumption. In the present study, frozen blanched spinach puree samples were thawed by ohmic thawing (OT) (10 V/cm, 15 V/cm). The thawing at 4 C (refrigerator thawing) was selected as the control thawing method. The energetic and exergetic evaluations were compared. Accordingly, thawing times were shortened by about 70-80% with OT. The energy loss during the CT method was higher than the OT method. The most energy-efficient (64.2% ± 4.0%) thawing condition was determined as 15 V/cm OT. In case of exergetic evaluation, the destroyed exergy value of the CT method was highest (19.0 ± 2.0 kJ) while those of thawed with 10 and 15 V/cm were 5.8 ± 0.7 and 3.8 ± 0.4 kJ, respectively. Similar to energetic efficiency, OT with 15 V/cm had the highest exergy efficiency value (40.5% ± 2.6%) while that of the CT method was 11.6% ± 1.0%. The result of the present study indicated that the OT process could be an alternative thawing method to CT to improve energy efficiency. Practical applications:As the ready-to-eat meal habit is becoming more common, processing of such foods is becoming more important. While preparing food, it is desired that the process to be done quickly, homogeneously, and efficiently. Usage of current food technologies to provide fast and homogeneous heating is becoming widespread. However, examining and evaluating their efficiency also emerges as an important issue. In this study, the use of OT, which is one of the current methods, for the thawing of spinach puree was investigated and the efficiency of OT in different voltage gradients was evaluated. In this way, it is thought that important data about the efficiency of the ohmic heating process, which utilization is increasing day-byday, during the thawing process are obtained. It is thought that these data will contribute to future studies and contribute to the widespread dissemination of OT.

Ohmic Heating Technology for Food Applications, From Ohmic Systems to Moderate Electric Fields and Pulsed Electric Fields

“…Therefore, ohmic technology is an interesting alternative to conventional thawing systems as the heat applied is fast and uniform. There are several studies in the literature describing the thawing of food with OH [30,136,137,[154][155][156][157][158]. For instance, thawing time was reduced by 82.44% for pure spinach (15 V/cm) [136] and by 30% for tuna fish (50 V) [137].…”

“…There are several studies in the literature describing the thawing of food with OH [30,136,137,[154][155][156][157][158]. For instance, thawing time was reduced by 82.44% for pure spinach (15 V/cm) [136] and by 30% for tuna fish (50 V) [137]. In the latter study, a saline solution (0.3% NaCl) at 25 °C was used to immerse the fish during the treatment, although direct contact with the electrodes can also be used [154].…”

Effect of novel infrared–ohmic thawing method on the thawing rate and minced turkey breast quality

“…These technologies include high‐voltage electric fields, ohmic heating, microwave, high hydrostatic pressure, ultrasound, radio‐frequency, infra‐ray and dielectric heating systems (Li et al ., 2019; Bhargava et al ., 2021). Recently, the use of Ohmic heating in thawing has been investigated (Cevik & Icier, 2021; Çokgezme et al ., 2021; Fattahi & Zamindar, 2021; Çabas et al ., 2022).…”