Comparative Pathology of Animal Models for Influenza A Virus Infection

Kirk, Natalie M.; Liang, Yuying; Ly, Hinh

doi:10.3390/pathogens13010035

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 177 publications

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“…Though countless reports on experimental influenza infections in ferrets have been published [ 10 , 11 , 14 , 15 ], descriptions of natural A/H5N1 virus infections in this species are hardly to be found. In this report, we present such infections in clinically ill as well as asymptomatic domestic ferrets that occurred during concurrent outbreaks of HPAI in Polish cats in 2023.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Infection with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A/H5N1 Virus in Pet Ferrets

Golke,

Jańczak,

Szaluś-Jordanow

et al. 2024

Viruses

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The study involved five ferrets from one household in Poland, comprising three sick 9-week-old juveniles, their healthy mother, and another clinically normal adult, admitted to the veterinary clinic in June 2023. The juvenile ferrets displayed significant lethargy and a pronounced unwillingness to move with accompanying pulmonary distress. Prompted by concurrent outbreaks of A/H5N1 influenza virus infections in Polish cats, point-of-care tests were conducted that revealed type A influenza antigens in the throat swabs of all five ferrets. Despite treatment, one juvenile ferret exhibited dyspnea and neurological symptoms and eventually died. The two remaining ferrets recovered fully, including one severely affected showing persistent dyspnea and incoordination without fever that recovered after 11 days of treatment. In the RT-qPCR, the throat swabs collected from all surviving ferrets as well as the samples of lungs, trachea, heart, brain, pancreas, liver, and intestine of the succumbed ferret were found positive for A/H5N1 virus RNA. To our best knowledge, this is the first documented natural A/H5N1 avian influenza in domestic ferrets kept as pets. In addition, this outbreak suggests the possibility of asymptomatic A/H5N1 virus shedding by ferrets, highlighting their zoonotic potential and the advisability of excluding fresh or frozen poultry from their diet to reduce the A/H5N1 virus transmission risks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Infection with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A/H5N1 Virus in Pet Ferrets

Golke,

Jańczak,

Szaluś-Jordanow

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Recent Bovine HPAI H5N1 Isolate Is Highly Virulent For Mice, Rapidly Causing Acute Pulmonary And Neurologic Disease

Tipih,

Mariappan,

Yinda

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses, responsible for the current outbreak in dairy cows in the United States, pose a significant animal and public health threat. In this study, we compared disease progression and pathology of three recent clade 2.3.4.4b isolates derived from a cow, mountain lion, and mink to a human HPAI A(H5N1) isolate from Vietnam in mice. Inoculation of C57BL/6J and BALB/c mice with all four HPAI A(H5N1) isolates resulted in comparable levels of virus replication in the lung inducing severe respiratory disease. C57BL/6J mice infected with the bovine isolate also developed high virus titers in the brain, resulting in a significant pro-inflammatory cytokine response and neurologic disease. Our findings suggest the recent bovine isolate possesses enhanced respiratory and neuroinvasive/neurovirulent properties causing fatal respiratory and neurologic disease in C57BL/6J mice.

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hnRNPs in antiviral innate immunity

Maceratessi,

Sampaio

2024

Immunology

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During virus infection, many host proteins are redirected from their normal cellular roles to restrict and terminate infection. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are cellular RNA‐binding proteins critical to host nucleic acid homeostasis, but can also be involved in the viral infection process, affecting virus replication, assembly and propagation. It has become evident that hnRNPs play important roles in modulation of host innate immunity, which provides critical initial protection against infection. These novel findings can potentially lead to the leveraging of hnRNPs in antiviral therapies. We review hnRNP involvement in antiviral innate immunity, in humans, mice and other animals, and discuss hnRNP targeting as a potential novel antiviral therapeutic.

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Comparative Pathology of Animal Models for Influenza A Virus Infection

Cited by 3 publications

References 177 publications

Natural Infection with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A/H5N1 Virus in Pet Ferrets

Natural Infection with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A/H5N1 Virus in Pet Ferrets

Recent Bovine HPAI H5N1 Isolate Is Highly Virulent For Mice, Rapidly Causing Acute Pulmonary And Neurologic Disease

hnRNPs in antiviral innate immunity

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