Comparative Pathogenicity and Host Ranges of Magnaporthe oryzae and Related Species

Chung, Hyun‐Jung; Goh, Jaeduk; Han, Seong-Sook; Roh, Jae Hwan; Kim, Yangseon; Heu, Sunggi; Shim, Hyeong Kwon; Jeong, Du-Yun; Kang, In Jeong; Yang, Jung Wook

doi:10.5423/ppj.ft.04.2020.0068

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, Urochloa-infecting isolates were moderately aggressive to wheat heads under highly conducive conditions to infection, which contrasts with our sampling on wheat heads, where only seven non-PoT isolates were recovered from wheat heads. Our results corroborated previous findings that also reported low aggressiveness of blast isolates cross-inoculated in relation to their primary host (Kato et al 2000;Oh et al 2002;Perelló et al 2017;Urashima et al 2017;Reges et al 2018;Martínez et al 2018;Chung et al 2020), which suggests that cross-infection may also occur in field conditions contributing to new host pathogenicity gain (Valent et al 2021).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…It is well known that these other species occur frequently in both the natural landscape and cultivated areas of non-wheat plants including C. echinatus, Digitaria spp., Chloris distichophylla, Panicum spp., Eragrostis spp., Echinochloa sp., Sorghum spp., Pennisetum spp., and Urochloa spp. (Reges et al 2016;Perelló et al 2017;Durante et al 2018;Chandra et al 2019;Qi et al 2019;Pordel et al 2020;Rahnama et al 2020;Chung et al 2020;Sharma et al 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Triticum pathotype is usually more aggressive on their primary host, where the fungal colonization at the rachis vassel causes partial or complete head bleaching, leading to larger yield losses in favorable climate conditions at field conditions (Goulart and Paiva 2000;Goulart et al 2007;Urashima et al 2009;Pagani et al 2014). Instead, non-P. oryzae or non-PoT isolates demonstrated low aggressiveness when inoculated in wheat, even under controlled conditions (Kato et al 2000;Reges et al 2016Reges et al , 2018Reges et al , 2019Chung et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…have not yet been associated with economic losses in cultivated crops, instead they are frequently found infecting grass weeds such as C. echinatus, Urochloa spp., P. maximum, and Digitaria spp., and Chloris distichophylla (Reges et al 2016;Sharma et al 2021;Cazal-Martínez et al 2021). Artificial cross-inoculation studies conducted in signal grass, barley, wheat and rice showed that these other Pyricularia species are capable of sporulating on leaves but, in general, they were a much weaker pathogen (Reges et al 2016;Qi et al 2019;Chung et al 2020).…”

Section: Disease Cycle and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Taxonomic and pathogenic diversity of the blast pathogen populations infecting wheat and grasses in Minas Gerais

Ascari¹,

Ponte²

2021

Preprint

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The blast disease of Poaceae is caused by a large species complex, among which P. oryzae is composed of several host-specialized lineages. The Pyricularia oryzae Triticum pathotype (PoT) causes the blast disease in wheat, but is also capable of infecting other grasses, which may serve as an inoculum reservoir for epidemics in wheat. In Brazil, severe wheat blast epidemics are most common in the Cerrado region. The dominant hypothesis is that signal grass (Urochloa sp.) and other gramineous plants harbor the wheat blast pathogen, thus serving as a major reservoir of inoculum for epidemics in wheat. A two-year survey of the Pyricularia blast pathogens was conducted in both wheat and non-wheat areas as well as prior (February) and during (May) the wheat growing season in Minas Gerais. A total of 1,368 plant samples representative of 31 Poaceae species, including wheat, were collected and inspected for the presence of blast symptoms. During the isolations, 932 isolates were obtained, being one fourth obtained from gramineous plants. A subset of 572 isolates was selected for identification at the species level based on portions of the CH7-BAC9 gene sequences. Most of the isolates (n = 494) were P. oryzae, within which 68% were PoT and 32% non-PoT based on two PCR assays targeting (MoT3 and C17 PCR assays). The PoT lineage was found predominantly (97%) in wheat and rarely in the other hosts, even nearby wheat fields (2.1%), as well as at longer distances from wheat regions (0.1%). The blast pathogen population isolated from signal grass grouped in different clades from PoT, and therefore referred to Urochloa lineage (PoU). A series of cross-inoculation greenhouse experiments was conducted using wheat (cv. BRS Guamirim and BR 18-Terena) and signal grass (cv. Marandu) as host and 14 PoT and six PoU isolates as pathogen factor. In the first leaf-inoculation experiment, results showed a significant interaction between host and pathogen; PoT was strongly/weakly aggressive towards wheat/signal grass and PoU was strongly/weakly aggressive towards signal grass/wheat. In inoculated wheat heads, PoT was more aggressive (>91% infected spikelets) than PoU (52% infected spikelets). In a third experiment, four signal grass cultivars (Marandu, Basilisk, Piatã, and Xaraés) were inoculated with the same set of 20 isolates. Similarly, signal grass cultivars were generally more susceptible to PoU than PoT. Severity induced by PoU was twice (7.7% severity) as high as PoT (3.8%) and so was the number of conidia/leaf produced by PoU (47,500) and PoT (23,200). Two groups of signal grass cultivars were formed, the most susceptible composed of Marandu and Basilisk and the least susceptible composed of Piatã and Xaraés. Results of our study confirm the host-specialization and the shaping of the blast populations according to the host. We further suggest that grasses in general, especially signal grass, may not play a major role as an inoculum reservoir for PoT, as it harbors mainly the PoU population. However, due to the large extent of pasture-growing regions and cross-infection ability in wheat, signal grass may harbor amounts of PoT inoculum that are sufficient for initiating leaf and head blast epidemics in wheat blast in Minas Gerais state.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Disease Cycle and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Taxonomic and pathogenic diversity of the blast pathogen populations infecting wheat and grasses in Minas Gerais

Ascari¹,

Ponte²

2021

Preprint

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“…Conversely, isolate EI9604, collected from E. indica groups with isolates infecting E. coracana suggesting cross-infectivity between wild and cultivated relatives (Fig 1 and S1 Table). Cross-infectivity of different hosts has also been shown for multiple lineages under laboratory conditions [69]. It is possible that shuttling between wild and cultivated plants, as in between E. indica and E. coracana, could have facilitated effector diversification and such cases can serve as a springboards for host range expansions and host-jumps of the blast fungus [68].…”

Section: Plos Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of finger millet extracts and evaluation of their nematicidal efficacy and plant growth promotion potential

Chrisantus,

Sarah,

Dorcas

et al. 2024

Plant Enviro Interactions

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Plant‐parasitic nematodes pose a significant threat to finger millet crops, potentially causing yield reduction of up to 70%. Extracts derived from finger millet varieties contain potent bioactive compounds that can mitigate nematode damage and promote plant growth. This study aimed at isolating and characterizing bioactive compounds from the finger millet varieties Ikhulule, Okhale‐1, and U‐15; evaluating the impact of Ikhulule and U‐15 extracts on the mortality of the root lesion nematode Pratylenchus vandenbergae; assessing the growth promotion effects of Ikhulule and U‐15 extracts on the finger millet variety Okhale‐1; and determining the efficacy of these extracts in managing plant‐parasitic nematodes under greenhouse conditions. Extracts were obtained from both leaves and roots and tested in vitro for nematode mortality and in vivo for growth promotion and nematode control. The results showed that finger millet extracts exhibited strong nematicidal properties in vitro, achieving a mortality rate of up to 98% against P. vandenbergae nematodes. Applying these extracts to finger millet shoots significantly reduced nematode populations in both soil and roots and decreased the reproductive factor to below one (1), indicating an effective nematode control. The study attributes the enhanced nematicidal effects of finger millet extracts to their bioactive compounds, particularly dodecanoic acid, phytol, 1,1,4a‐trimethyl‐6‐decahydro naphthalene, 2,3‐dihydro‐benzofuran, 2‐methoxy‐4‐vinylphenol and ethyl ester, and hexadecanoic acid. These findings suggest that finger millet‐derived extracts offer a natural solution for nematode management and broader agronomic benefits, ultimately contributing to overall plant health and productivity.

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Comparative Pathogenicity and Host Ranges of Magnaporthe oryzae and Related Species

Cited by 17 publications

References 48 publications

Taxonomic and pathogenic diversity of the blast pathogen populations infecting wheat and grasses in Minas Gerais

Taxonomic and pathogenic diversity of the blast pathogen populations infecting wheat and grasses in Minas Gerais

Untitled

Characterization of finger millet extracts and evaluation of their nematicidal efficacy and plant growth promotion potential

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