Comparative overview of the genomic and genetic differences between the pathogenic Neisseria strains and species

Snyder, Lori; Davies, John K.; Ryan, Catherine; Saunders, N.

doi:10.1016/j.plasmid.2005.04.005

Cited by 44 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 192 publications

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“…Despite a high respiratory capacity that is comparable to that of aerobic bacteria, gonococcal physiology is typical of a microaerophile. It has only a single cytochrome oxidase, cytochrome cbb 3 , which in other bacteria has a very high affinity for oxygen (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). We previously suggested that its high respiratory capacity enables gonococci to minimize oxidative damage from reactive oxygen species generated both from its own respiratory metabolism and by other bacteria that share its environment (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…These are the c 1 component of the cytochrome bc 1 complex, the CcoP and CcoO subunits of the cytochrome oxidase, and two cytochromes, designated c 4 and c 5 , that transfer electrons between the bc 1 complex and the terminal oxidase (6). These cytochromes are tightly associated with the cytoplasmic membrane: their purification and biochemical characterization in vitro are extremely challenging and present serious risks of generating nonphysiological artifacts.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Critical Role for the cccA Gene Product, Cytochrome c ₂ , in Diverting Electrons from Aerobic Respiration to Denitrification in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

2013

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Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a microaerophile that, when oxygen availability is limited, supplements aerobic respiration with a truncated denitrification pathway, nitrite reduction to nitrous oxide. We demonstrate that the cccA gene of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain F62 (accession number NG0292) is expressed, but the product, cytochrome c 2 , accumulates to only low levels. Nevertheless, a cccA mutant reduced nitrite at about half the rate of the parent strain. We previously reported that cytochromes c 4 and c 5 transfer electrons to cytochrome oxidase cbb 3 by two independent pathways and that the CcoP subunit of cytochrome oxidase cbb 3 transfers electrons to nitrite. We show that mutants defective in either cytochrome c 4 or c 5 also reduce nitrite more slowly than the parent. By combining mutations in cccA (⌬c 2 ), cycA (⌬c 4 ), cycB (⌬c 5 ), and ccoP (ccoP-C368A), we demonstrate that cytochrome c 2 is required for electron transfer from cytochrome c 4 via the third heme group of CcoP to the nitrite reductase, AniA, and that cytochrome c 5 transfers electrons to nitrite reductase by an independent pathway. We propose that cytochrome c 2 forms a complex with cytochrome oxidase. If so, the redox state of cytochrome c 2 might regulate electron transfer to nitrite or oxygen. However, our data are more consistent with a mechanism in which cytochrome c 2 and the CcoQ subunit of cytochrome oxidase form alternative complexes that preferentially catalyze nitrite and oxygen reduction, respectively. Comparison with the much simpler electron transfer pathway for nitrite reduction in the meningococcus provides fascinating insights into niche adaptation within the pathogenic neisseriae.

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A Critical Role for the cccA Gene Product, Cytochrome c ₂ , in Diverting Electrons from Aerobic Respiration to Denitrification in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

2013

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“…A wide range of plasmids, from the small 4.2 kb plasmid to larger conjugative plasmids promoting their own transfer between strains and carrying determinants of antibiotic resistance, is associated with N. gonorrhoeae strains [6].…”

Section: Determining the Antibiotics Resistance Of Pathogen Std Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are multiple mechanisms leading to antibiotic resistance, one involving resistance plasmids carrying genes responsible for resistance to antibiotics [5,6]. The phenomenon of antibiotic resistance can also develop via mutations or by acquiring resistance genes from other resistant bacteria [7][8][9].…”

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Determining the Antibiotic Resistance of Bacterial Pathogens in Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Laura¹,

Vladi²,

Vasile³

2017

Antibacterial Agents

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Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are among the most common infections worldwide. These bacterial infections have spread predominantly in the developing/underdeveloped countries, the most common being syphilis, gonorrhea and those induced by Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum or Mycoplasma spp. Due to extensive usage of antibiotics in the recent past, these bacteria developed resistance to those commonly used for treatment, such resistant strains becoming a public health problem in a number of countries. It is well documented that bacterial STD agents are difficult to detect using standard culture media because these methods require special conditions and adequate nutrients. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing is, therefore, difficult to obtain in such cases. In recent years, genetic tests have been frequently employed in STD diagnosis. The study of genes that induce resistance to antibiotics using DNA isolated from these bacteria may prove to be a viable alternative. Genetic methods enable the DNA extraction from different biological samples, and both the presence of the bacteria and their resistance to one or more antibiotics can be determined from a single DNA sample. By studying the genes that induce antibiotic resistance and the plasmids that transfer such genes, the mechanism that leads to antibiotic resistance can be elucidated.

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“…Out of the 12 serogroups, only the seven capsular gene complexes from serogroups A, B, C, 29E, W135, X, and Y have been characterized previously (8,27). In this study, the capsular gene complexes of the five uncharacterized serogroups (H, I, K, L, Z) were sequenced, which made it possible to develop primers to differentiate genes specific for all 12 N. meningitidis serogroups.…”

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Development of a Multiplex PCR Assay for Detection and Genogrouping of Neisseria meningitidis

et al. 2012

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Neisseria meningitidis is a leading pathogen of epidemic bacterial meningitis and fulminant sepsis worldwide. Twelve different N. meningitidis serogroups have been identified to date based on antigenic differences in the capsular polysaccharide. However, more than 90% of human cases of N. meningitidis meningitis are the result of infection with just five serogroups, A, B, C, W135, and Y. Efficient methods of detection and genogrouping of N. meningitidis isolates are needed, therefore, in order to monitor prevalent serogroups as a means of disease control and prevention. The capsular gene complex regions have been sequenced from only seven out of the 12 serogroups. In this study, the capsular gene complexes of the remaining five serogroups were sequenced and analyzed. Primers were designed that were specific for N. meningitidis species and for the 12 individual serogroups, and a multiplex PCR assay using these specific primers was developed for N. meningitidis detection and genogrouping. The assay was tested using 15 reference strains covering all 12 serogroups, 143 clinical isolates, and 21 strains from closely related species or from species that cause meningitis. The assay could detect N. meningitidis serogroups and was shown to be specific, with a detection sensitivity of 1 ng of genomic DNA (equivalent to ϳ4 ؋ 10 5 genomes) or 3 ؋ 10 5 CFU/ml in noncultured mock cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens. This study, therefore, describes for the first time the development of a molecular protocol for the detection of all N. meningitidis serogroups. This multiplex PCR-based assay may have use for the clinical diagnosis and epidemiological surveillance of N. meningitidis.

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Comparative overview of the genomic and genetic differences between the pathogenic Neisseria strains and species

Cited by 44 publications

References 192 publications

A Critical Role for the cccA Gene Product, Cytochrome c ₂ , in Diverting Electrons from Aerobic Respiration to Denitrification in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A Critical Role for the cccA Gene Product, Cytochrome c ₂ , in Diverting Electrons from Aerobic Respiration to Denitrification in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Determining the Antibiotic Resistance of Bacterial Pathogens in Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Development of a Multiplex PCR Assay for Detection and Genogrouping of Neisseria meningitidis

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Comparative overview of the genomic and genetic differences between the pathogenic Neisseria strains and species

Cited by 44 publications

References 192 publications

A Critical Role for the cccA Gene Product, Cytochrome c 2 , in Diverting Electrons from Aerobic Respiration to Denitrification in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A Critical Role for the cccA Gene Product, Cytochrome c 2 , in Diverting Electrons from Aerobic Respiration to Denitrification in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Determining the Antibiotic Resistance of Bacterial Pathogens in Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Development of a Multiplex PCR Assay for Detection and Genogrouping of Neisseria meningitidis

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A Critical Role for the cccA Gene Product, Cytochrome c ₂ , in Diverting Electrons from Aerobic Respiration to Denitrification in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A Critical Role for the cccA Gene Product, Cytochrome c ₂ , in Diverting Electrons from Aerobic Respiration to Denitrification in Neisseria gonorrhoeae