Comparative Morphology, Transcription, and Proteomics Study Revealing the Key Molecular Mechanism of Camphor on the Potato Tuber Sprouting Effect

Abstract

Sprouting regulation in potato tubers is important for improving commercial value and producing new plants. Camphor shows flexible inhibition of tuber sprouting and prolongs the storage period of potato, but its underlying mechanism remains unknown. The results of the present study suggest that camphor inhibition caused bud growth deformities and necrosis, but after moving to more ventilated conditions, new sprouts grew from the bud eye of the tuber. Subsequently, the sucrose and fructose contents as well as polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity were assessed after camphor inhibition. Transcription and proteomics data from dormancy (D), sprouting (S), camphor inhibition (C), and recovery sprouting (R) samples showed changes in the expression levels of approximately 4000 transcripts, and 700 proteins showed different abundances. KEGG (Kyoto encyclopaedia of genes and genomes) pathway analysis of the transcription levels indicated that phytohormone synthesis and signal transduction play important roles in tuber sprouting. Camphor inhibited these processes, particularly for gibberellic acid, brassinosteroids, and ethylene, leading to dysregulation of physiological processes such as cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis, fatty acid elongation, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and starch and sucrose metabolism, resulting in bud necrosis and prolonged storage periods. The KEGG pathway correlation between transcripts and proteins revealed that terpenoid backbone biosynthesis and plant–pathogen interaction pathways showed significant differences in D vs. S samples, but 13 pathways were remarkably different in the D vs. C groups, as camphor inhibition significantly increased both the transcription levels and protein abundance of pathogenesis-related protein PR-10a (or STH-2), the pathogenesis-related P2-like precursor protein, and the kirola-like protein as compared to sprouting. In recovery sprouting, these genes and proteins were decreased at both the transcriptional level and in protein abundance. It was important to find that the inhibitory effect of camphor on potato tuber sprout was reversible, revealing the action mechanism was similar to resistance to pathogen infection. The present study provides a theoretical basis for the application of camphor in prolonging seed potato storage.

Complementary iTRAQ-based proteomic and RNA sequencing-based transcriptomic analyses reveal a complex network regulating pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit peel colour

“…An integrated quantitative proteomics and transcriptomics analysis revealed that there were more DEGs than DAPs in both SP1_TP1 and SP2_TP2, with only a few of the DEGs encoding the DAPs. These results were similar to those reported for potato 17 and orchid 18 . There were inconsistencies between the trends in transcript levels and the trends in protein abundance.…”

Phenotypic Analysis Combined with Tandem Mass Tags (TMT) Labeling Reveal the Heterogeneity of Strawberry Stolon Buds

“…Comparative proteomics is a useful approach for identifying functional proteins in illustrating the developmental regulation mechanism of plants [27][28][29][30]. Recently, with the tremendous acquisition of the plant reference genome data, more and more comparative proteomics approaches have been applied for studying bud heterogeneity in crops [17][18][19][20]. [16].…”

“…Subsequently, we illustrate the definite dormancy phase of the bud of the first node and the detailed developmental processes of ramet formation and ramet axillary bud elongation in the second node of strawberry stolon using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Considering the proteomics utilization, especially the tremendous advantages in method of TMT in digging the DEPs among multiple groups of plant materials [17][18][19][20][21]. Lastly, we lay a foundation for understanding the mechanisms of strawberry stolon phenotype and bud development at the protein level by using TMT labeling method.…”

Phenotypic Analysis Combined with Tandem Mass Tags (TMT) Labeling Reveal the Heterogeneity of Strawberry Stolon Buds

“…In addition, two highly enriched pathways (DNA replication and spliceosome) were still present indicating that both genetic and transcriptional differences exist between RLB and DSB. The participation of DEPs in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway (18), as well as in carbon metabolism related pathways, such as starch and sucrose metabolism (15), amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism (14), and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis (11), showed high enrichment between the groups RLB and ASB ( Fig. 10C, supplemental Table S14).…”

“…Comparative proteomics is a useful approach for identifying functional proteins in illustrating the developmental regulation mechanism of plants [27][28][29][30]. Recently, with the tremendous acquisition of the plant reference genome data, more and more comparative proteomics approaches have been applied for studying bud heterogeneity in crops [17][18][19][20]. Previous studies compared the proteomes of the first and second nodes of the strawberry stolons to elucidate the internode differences, and found that the DEPs ( [16].…”