Comparative morphology of the raptorial leg in thread-legged bugs of the tribe Metapterini Stål, 1859 (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Reduviidae, Emesinae)

Castro‐Huertas, Valentina; Forero, Dimitri; Grazia, Jocélia

doi:10.1007/s00435-019-00431-x

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…For scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we followed Weirauch (2005) and Castro‐Huertas et al . (2019). The tegumentary ultrastructure was studied with a JEOL JSM6060 at the Centro de Microscopia e Microanálise of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (CMM‐UFRGS).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For proleg structures, we followed Cobben (1978), Weirauch (2005) and Castro‐Huertas et al . (2019). For male and female genitalia, for the most part, we followed Forero & Weirauch (2012) and Castro‐Huertas et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the 138 characters included (listed in File S2), 38 are from the proleg and 66 from the male and female genitalia, which are all based on Castro‐Huertas et al . (2018, 2019) (see File S2, morphological characters used in the phylogenetic analyses). Characters were organized and coded using MESQUITE version 3.51 (Maddison & Maddison, 2018).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this hypothesis has never been tested with a phylogenetic approach. Recent studies with a limited taxon sampling analysing characters of male and female genitalia and prolegs (Castro‐Huertas et al ., 2018, 2019) have suggested that Metapterini might be paraphyletic with respect to Deliastini, although in those analyses, the taxon sampling was restricted to a few genera of Metapterini and thus did not capture the whole range of potential morphological variability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of wing polymorphism and genital asymmetry in the thread‐legged bugs of the tribe Metapterini Stål (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Emesinae) based on morphological characters

Castro‐Huertas

Forero

Grazia

2020

Systematic Entomology

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Wing polymorphism and asymmetric male genitalia are intriguing morphological phenomena occurring in insects. Among Emesinae, or thread‐legged bugs, the tribe Metapterini Stål exhibits these two interesting morphological attributes. Nonetheless, evolutionary interpretations of these phenomena cannot be put forward because phylogenetic hypotheses for Emesinae are lacking. Thread‐legged bugs are easily recognized among assassin bugs due to their elongated and seemingly delicate body. The tribe Metapterini has 28 genera and approximately 280 described species. The only available phylogenetic hypothesis among Emesinae tribes was proposed by Wygodzinsky (1966), and it hypothesized Deliastini Villiers as the sister group of Metapterini, although this hypothesis has never been tested with cladistic approaches. Recent analyses using character sets of genitalia and prolegs suggest that Metapterini might not be monophyletic. In order to test these ideas, we compiled a morphological dataset of 138 characters that includes external morphological characters, detailed features of prolegs and genitalia of both sexes for Metapterini, which were analysed cladistically including 55 terminals, comprising 24 genera (85.7% of the generic diversity), 43 species of Metapterini and 12 outgroups. Metapterini was recovered as paraphyletic by the inclusion of Bergemesa Wygodzinsky, Palacus Dohrn and Stalemesa Wygodzinsky, all currently assigned to Deliastini. Gardena Dohrn (Emesini) was recovered as the sister group of Metapterini + Deliastini as suggested by Wygodzinsky (1966). Based on these results, we synonymize Deliastini syn. n. with Metapterini sensu n. and propose two new genera: Bacata Castro‐Huertas & Forero gen. n., for three Andean species previously placed in Liaghinella Wygodzinsky, and Valkyriella Castro‐Huertas & Forero gen. n. for Ghilianella borgmeieri Wygodzinsky. Ancestral state reconstruction of wing polymorphism indicates that males and females were fully winged in the ancestor of Metapterini sensu n. with two independent evolutionary transitions to the apterous and brachypterous conditions. The analysis of the symmetry of the male genitalia shows an ancestor with symmetric male genitalia and two independent emergences of asymmetrical male genitalia in Metapterini.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of wing polymorphism and genital asymmetry in the thread‐legged bugs of the tribe Metapterini Stål (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Emesinae) based on morphological characters

Castro‐Huertas

Forero

Grazia

2020

Systematic Entomology

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“…The tribe Metapterini Stål, 1874 is the most speciose group within Emesinae, with 29 genera and approximately 280 species are described (Maldonado-Capriles 1990;Popov 1991). Metapterini are characterized by the conspicuous basal process of posteroventral series of fore femur, and high proportion of genera with wing polymorphism (Wygodzinsky 1966;Castro-Huertas et al 2019). However, recent phylogenetic analyses based on morphology of genitalia (Castro-Huertas et al 2018) and fore leg (Castro-Huertas et al 2019) consistently indicate that Metapterini are paraphyletic with respect to Deliastini Villiers, 1949, show-ing that our knowledge on the evolution of Metapterini remains far from complete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new species of Hornylia Wygodzinsky (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Reduviidae, Emesinae) from Thailand

Chen¹,

Li²,

Cai³

2020

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Outside the pattern: Evolution of the genital asymmetry in Saicinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae)

Castro‐Huertas

Melo

2023

Journal of Morphology

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Despite genital structures in insects being consistently important as systematic and taxonomy evidence, within assassin bugs (Heteroptera, Reduviidae) at least, the male and female genitalic structures of several subfamilies are poorly or totally unknown. The genital structure is mostly symmetric within Saicinae genera, but male genital asymmetry has been recorded in Gallobelgicus, Polytoxus, and recently Pseudosaica. The subfamily has been considered as closely related to Emesinae and Visayanocorinae but this hypothesis has never been tested using a comprehensive taxa sampling, being a constraint to test morphological traits changes or exploring characters' evolution hypotheses. Here, we compiled a morphological data set of 170 characters that includes external morphological characters and genitalia of both sexes of Saicinae which was analyzed cladistically including 55 terminals, comprising 16 genera (64% of the generic diversity), 43 species of Saicinae and 12 outgroups. Saicinae was recovered as polyphyletic, Saicireta correntina is recovered as sister‐species of Empicoris armatus + Collartida (Emesinae), Oncerotrachelus, Carayonia (Visayanocorinae), and the Clade Saicinae sensu stricto. Carayonia orientalis is recovered as sister‐species of Saicinae sensu stricto. Ancestral state reconstruction of symmetry of the male genitalia shows an ancestor with symmetric male genitalia, two independent emergences of asymmetrical male genitalia within Saicinae sensu stricto, and the asymmetrical endosomal sclerites appearing before the other asymmetric traits.

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Comparative morphology of the raptorial leg in thread-legged bugs of the tribe Metapterini Stål, 1859 (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Reduviidae, Emesinae)

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Evolution of wing polymorphism and genital asymmetry in the thread‐legged bugs of the tribe Metapterini Stål (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Emesinae) based on morphological characters

Evolution of wing polymorphism and genital asymmetry in the thread‐legged bugs of the tribe Metapterini Stål (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Emesinae) based on morphological characters

A new species of Hornylia Wygodzinsky (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Reduviidae, Emesinae) from Thailand

Outside the pattern: Evolution of the genital asymmetry in Saicinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae)

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