Comparative morphology and physiology of the vocal production apparatus and the brain in the extant primates

Iwasaki, Shigeo; Yoshimura, Ken; Asami, Tomoichiro; Erdoğan, Serkan

doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2022.151887

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Moreover, despite their high larynx and hyoids, macaque and baboon vocal tracts are capable of producing all the vowel sounds needed for human speech [150]. The origin of speech during human evolution is instead associated with changes in innervation of the laryngeal muscles, the size of the hypoglossal nerve, and changes in cortical control of the tongue [151][152][153][154]. The low position of the thyroid cartilage relative to the hyoid in humans might make it possible for laryngeal elevation relative to the hyoid to contribute to epiglottal folding over the laryngeal inlet during swallowing [143,144,155], but macaques safely swallow solids and liquids with epiglottal inversion and minimal movement of thyroid relative to the hyoid [60,156,157].…”

Section: Hyoidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical and Cortical Control of Tongue Movements During Chewing and Swallowing

Ross

Laurence-Chasen

et al. 2023

Dysphagia

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Tongue function is vital for chewing and swallowing and lingual dysfunction is often associated with dysphagia. Better treatment of dysphagia depends on a better understanding of hyolingual morphology, biomechanics, and neural control in humans and animal models. Recent research has revealed significant variation among animal models in morphology of the hyoid chain and suprahyoid muscles which may be associated with variation in swallowing mechanisms. The recent deployment of XROMM (X-ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology) to quantify 3D hyolingual kinematics has revealed new details on flexion and roll of the tongue during chewing in animal models, movements similar to those used by humans. XROMM-based studies of swallowing in macaques have falsified traditional hypotheses of mechanisms of tongue base retraction during swallowing, and literature review suggests that other animal models may employ a diversity of mechanisms of tongue base retraction. There is variation among animal models in distribution of hyolingual proprioceptors but how that might be related to lingual mechanics is unknown. In macaque monkeys, tongue kinematics—shape and movement—are strongly encoded in neural activity in orofacial primary motor cortex, giving optimism for development of brain–machine interfaces for assisting recovery of lingual function after stroke. However, more research on hyolingual biomechanics and control is needed for technologies interfacing the nervous system with the hyolingual apparatus to become a reality.

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