Comparative morphology and phylogeny of the superfamily Curculionoidea of Japan (Comparative morphology, phylogeny and systematics of the superfamily Curculionoidea of Japan. I)

Higher Level Phylogeny of Curculionidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) based mainly on Larval Characters, with Special Reference to Broad‐Nosed Weevils

“…Instead, from the adult aspect a relationship between Scolytinae and Platypodinae may be justified, because their similar lignicole habits are reflected in superficially similar adult morphologies. For instance, a cylindrical body form, legs with denticulate tibiae, and a truncate head are typical of wood-boring beetles, and are thus also present, for example, in Anobiidae and Bostrychidae (Morimoto, 1962;Richards and Davies, 1984). In addition to the evidence presented here for a sister relationship between Rhynchophorinae and Platypodinae (Fig.…”

“…immature plus adult characters, can allow the discovery of relationships that would have been missed by analysing different data sets separately (Chippindale and Wiens, 1994: 281). Characters 45-48 have been used previously by authors in forming primary divisions of weevils (Schoenherr, 1826;Lacordaire, 1863Lacordaire, , 1866Kuschel, 1985;Thompson, 1992), and they are well documented and illustrated, especially by Morimoto (1962), Kissinger (1964), Crowson (1967), Thompson (1992), and Zimmerman (1993Zimmerman ( , 1994, among others. I also included the oviposition type (character 49 in Table 1), on which the proposal to combine all the broad-nosed weevils into a single subfamily is mainly based .…”

“…Rhynchophorinae and Platypodinae have, in addition, important adult morphological differences from other Curculionidae and between themselves, both being very distinct subfamilies, and this is the reason why some specialists consider them as independent families (e.g. Morimoto, 1962;Thompson, 1992;Zimmerman, 1993). Their larvae, however, share a feature not found among any other Curculionoidea: the abdominal pleura subdivided into two or more superimposed lobes.…”

“…Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with about 48,000 valid species, are the largest family of known organisms (Anderson, 1993(Anderson, , 1995. Higher-level classification of weevils is difficult, and the subject of debate and disagreement among specialists (Morimoto, 1962;Crowson, 1967;Thompson, 1992;Kuschel, 1995). Because knowledge of immature stages is relatively poor, most of these studies are focused on adults.…”

Ultrastructural Studies on the Sensilla of the Mouth Parts and Antennae of the Pre-Adult Stages of Sitophilus Granarius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

“…The morphology and the microscopical structure of the mouth parts, antennae and the distribution of their sensillae on the larval stage of S. oryzae using scanning electron microscopy have been studied by Stickney, 1923;Ting, 1936;Williams, 1938;DuPorte, 1960;Morimoto, 1962;Speirs et al, (1986); Lyal, 1995;Boe, 1996;Morimoto and Kojima, 2003;Morimoto et al, 2006. Zacharuk andshields, (1991) have been detected the structure of the sensillae on the mouth parts of insect and have described more than ten basic sensillum types in adult insects, all are found on the larvae except sensillae squamiformia.…”