Comparative Morphology and Morphometry of Six Biotypes of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from China

Li, Jingjing; Tang, Qingbo; Bai, Run-e; Li, Xiaomin; Jinwei, Jiang; Zhai, Qixiao; Yan, Fei

doi:10.1016/s2095-3119(13)60303-2

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Body sizes for both puparia and adults were found to be larger in the cotton-reared population and female pupae were found to be larger than male pupae overall. Li et al (2013) employed length and width measurements collected from four instars of six Chinese B. tabaci “biotypes” (all reared on cotton plants), in addition to length and width measurements of six additional characters from the fourth instar, to study interbiotype morphological distinctions. This study achieved a general puparial biotype size ranking and identified three biotypes (B, Q, and ZHJ-2) as differing from the rest in three characters.…”

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“…This study achieved a general puparial biotype size ranking and identified three biotypes (B, Q, and ZHJ-2) as differing from the rest in three characters. With respect to larval biotype distinctions, Li et al (2013) concluded that exotic biotypes were significantly larger than indigenous forms. Similarly, Harish et al (2016) undertook a principal components analysis (PCA) of 14 puparial characteristics, including total body length and width measurements, widths of the wax margins, and nine different adult characteristics, but found these insufficient to distinguish populations from different agro-ecological zones reliably.…”

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“…While the Li et al (2013) , Chaubey and Andrew (2015) , and Harish et al (2016) studies all suggested close inspection of B. tabaci puparium morphological characters had promise in being able to achieve diagnoses of at least some genetic/molecular species, compelling empirical demonstrations of this potential eluded each of these research groups. But rather than concluding puparium morphology-based distinctions between established genetic/molecular species do not exist—as some have done—perhaps the problem has lain in the approaches used to analyze morphological data for distinctions that reflect, genetic/molecular species differences.…”

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Morphology-Based Identification of Bemisia tabaci Cryptic Species Puparia via Embedded Group-Contrast Convolution Neural Network Analysis

2021

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The Bemisia tabaci species-complex is a group of tropical-subtropical hemipterans, some species of which have achieved global distribution over the past 150 years. Several species are regarded currently as among the world’s most pernicious agricultural pests, causing a variety of damage types via direct feeding and plant-disease transmission. Long considered a single variable species, genetic, molecular and reproductive compatibility analyses have revealed that this “species” is actually a complex of between 24 and 48 morphologically cryptic species. However, determinations of which populations represent distinct species have been hampered by a failure to integrate genetic/molecular and morphological species-diagnoses. This, in turn, has limited the success of outbreak-control and eradication programmes. Previous morphological investigations, based on traditional and geometric morphometric procedures, have had limited success in identifying genetic/molecular species from patterns of morphological variation in puparia. As an alternative, our investigation focused on exploring the use of a deep-learning convolution neural network (CNN) trained on puparial images and based on an embedded, group-contrast training protocol as a means of searching for consistent differences in puparial morphology. Fifteen molecular species were selected for analysis, all of which had been identified via DNA barcoding and confirmed using more extensive molecular characterizations and crossing experiments. Results demonstrate that all 15 species can be discriminated successfully based on differences in puparium morphology alone. This level of discrimination was achieved for laboratory populations reared on both hairy-leaved and glabrous-leaved host plants. Moreover, cross-tabulation tests confirmed the generality and stability of the CNN discriminant system trained on both ecophenotypic variants. The ability to identify B. tabaci species quickly and accurately from puparial images has the potential to address many long-standing problems in B. tabaci taxonomy and systematics as well as playing a vital role in ongoing pest-management efforts.

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Morphology-Based Identification of Bemisia tabaci Cryptic Species Puparia via Embedded Group-Contrast Convolution Neural Network Analysis

2021

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“…1: Length and width (µm) measurements of body size and the mean duration of each developmental stage of B. tabaci B biotype (Li et al 2013 The silverleaf whitefly (B biotype), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most serious agricultural insect pests, affecting crop plants as hosts such as tomatoes, cotton, cassava and beans, as well as ornamentals. Of importance is the fact that they have worldwide distribution and as such are commonly known insect pests and vectors to entomologists, virologists, agriculturists and growers (Oliveira et al 2001;De Barro et al 2011;Thompson, 2011).…”

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“…Recently, in China, Li et al (2013) described the morphology and morphometry of B. tabaci B biotype using microscopes, where insects had been reared on cotton plants under laboratory conditions at 27±1 °C, 14 L:10 D photoperiod and 70±10% relative humidity (n=20). Table 2.1 and compared with Chinese measurements.…”

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A critical evaluation of the effects of plant essential oil formulations against silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, B biotype (Gennadius) and its natural enemies

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The toxicity of 30 botanical products and mixtures were evaluated using preliminary bioassay tests to find out their overall effectiveness against the developmental stages of silverleaf whitefly (SLW) Bemisia tabaci, B biotype, (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Effective formulations were prepared to be tested in replicated experiments against the egg, nymphal and adult stages of SLW.From the results, mustard oil showed an ovicidal effect, lauryl glucoside, a surfactant, had produced high mortalities against the nymphal stages whereas monoethanolamine, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (cellosolve acetate) and laureth -7ethylene oxide-carboxylate (laureth carboxylate) had produced high to moderate level of adulticidal effects. Three formulations were prepared from those effective products and then used in replicated experiments testing their lethal (toxicity) and sublethal (repellency and oviposition deterrent) effects against SLW. Additionally, trials were conducted to investigate their impacts on one of the main SLW parasitoids, Eretmocerus hayati (Zolnerowich and Rose) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae).Leaf dipping and spraying methods were used to assess the toxicity effects of the products, and choice and no choice repellence tests were used to determine the repellence index (RI) and oviposition deterrent index (ODI). A glass -slide bioassay was used to determine the lethal effects of the formulations against the SLW parasitoid. Different ranges of the tested rates of the formulations were prepared starting from 0.001% v/v to 10% v/v to investigate the proper effective rates that provide sufficient mortality rates of the developmental stages of SLW.After promising results of the mixture containing mustard oil and liquid soap, replicated experiments were conducted against each developmental stage of SLW. When tested on eggs, at a concentration of 0.25%, mortality was 95.8%, whereas the mortality percentages were 43% and 50% at tested rates of the mixture at 0.1% and 0.05%, respectively. Mustard oil evaluated against nymphal stages was effective at a rate of 0.25% and above against young and old nymphs (86.4% and 47.4% mortality, respectively). Tests against the adult stage at 0.25% and 0.5% resulted in low mortality; 34.0% and 37.0%, respectively. However, at 1% and above mortality was high (94.17% at 1%).On the basis of these results, three formulations were prepared: formulation one (F1) containing mustard oil, MW-100 emulsifier, lauryl glucoside and cellosolve acetate, formulation three (F3) containing mustard oil, MW-100 emulsifier, laureth carboxylate and monoethanolamine and formulation four (F4) containing mustard oil, MW-100 emulsifier, lauryl glucoside and monoethanolamine. These formulations were evaluated at different concentrations (0.25%, 0.44%.ii 0.69%, 1% and 1.23%). The formulations had an effective impact on the eggs of SLW, disrupting the embryogenesis process of the eggs. These formulations also affected all nymphal instars.However, the tested rates did not show sufficient effects...

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Characterization of cassava whitefly (Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)) from diverse agro-ecological zones of Kerala, India, reveals the presence of different biotypes as pests in cassava

E.R.,

Chellappan,

Mathew

et al. 2023

Phytoparasitica

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Comparative Morphology and Morphometry of Six Biotypes of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from China

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Morphology-Based Identification of Bemisia tabaci Cryptic Species Puparia via Embedded Group-Contrast Convolution Neural Network Analysis

Morphology-Based Identification of Bemisia tabaci Cryptic Species Puparia via Embedded Group-Contrast Convolution Neural Network Analysis

A critical evaluation of the effects of plant essential oil formulations against silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, B biotype (Gennadius) and its natural enemies

Characterization of cassava whitefly (Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)) from diverse agro-ecological zones of Kerala, India, reveals the presence of different biotypes as pests in cassava

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