Comparative morphological study of the oropharyngeal floor of squabs and adult domestic pigeons (Columba liviadomestica)

Abstract

The current study compared the morphological features of the oropharyngeal floor of squabs and adult domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica). Samples from the oropharyngeal floor of both squabs and adult pigeons were collected directly after slaughtering. The collected samples were examined grossly, morphometrically, and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The lower beak had triangular shape with pointed rostral end. The tongue did not fill the entire oral floor in squabs as well as adult pigeons. The lingual apex of squabs had a small lingual nail while that of the adult pigeons had a well‐developed lingual nail. The lingual body was separated from the lingual root by a transverse papillary crest, which was “V” shaped in squabs but “U”‐shaped in adult pigeons. Filiform papillae were distributed on the dorsal surface of lingual apex, as well as, body, but were absent on the root. The lingual root presented fine elevations and low projections in squabs and adult pigeons, respectively. On the other hand, the tongue of adult pigeons had larger number of the lingual salivary glands openings compared to that of squabs. In addition, the edges of the glottis had numerous small projections in squabs bur presented large dome‐shaped papillae in adult pigeons. Moreover, adult pigeons had longer pharyngeal papillae at pharyngoesophageal junction than those of squabs. In conclusion, these variations suggest that adult pigeons adapted well to their diet, which might reflect higher efficiency of food prehension

Posthatching developmental studies on the tongue and laryngeal entrance of the common quail (Coturnix coturnix, Linnaeus, 1758) in different five age‐stages

“…The pharyngeal papillae located on the caudal border of the laryngeal mound is the common structure in all studied developmental age‐stages, similar to that observed in most avian species (Abumandour, 2018; Abumandour & El‐Bakary, 2017a; Abumandour & El‐Bakary, 2017b; Al‐Ahmady Al‐Zahaby, 2016) while, it is completely absent in southern lapwing (Erdogan & Perez, 2015). The presence of the two pharyngeal row were observed in the current work in all developmental stages, that harmonious with previous published articles (Abumandour, 2018; Abumandour & El‐Bakary, 2017a), while, the only one pharyngeal row recorded in some birds (Abumandour & El‐Bakary, 2019a; Abumandour & Gewaily, 2019; Mahdy, 2020), but the three pharyngeal rows observed in the Japanese quail (Madkour, 2018). Functionally, these caudally oriented pharyngeal papillae likely share in orienting the food particles toward the esophagus (Abumandour & El‐Bakary, 2017a; El‐Mansi et al, 2020; Jackowiak & Godynicki, 2005).…”

“…The triangular lingual appearance observed in all studied developmental age‐stages considered the common lingual shape in most avian species ( Abumandour, 2018; Abumandour & Gewaily, 2019; Dehkordi et al, 2010; Iwasaki & Kobayashi, 1986; Jackowiak, Skieresz‐Szewczyk, Kwieciński, Trzcielińska‐Lorych, & Godynicki, 2010; Mahdy, 2020; Parchami et al, 2010), while the elongated tongue was observed in some avian species such as house sparrow, common kestrel, Hume's tawny owl, Egyptian laughing dove, Eurasian Coot, white‐tailed eagle, and rock pigeon (Abumandour, 2018; Abumandour & El‐Bakary, 2017a; Abumandour & El‐Bakary, 2017b; Abumandour & El‐Bakary, ; Abumandour & Kandyel, 2020; Jackowiak & Godynicki, 2005). Furthermore, there are other lingual shapes recorded in some avian species that related with their feeding style such as; the oval tongue in Middendorff's bean and Domestic goose (Iwasaki et al, 1997; Jackowiak et al, 2011), the mushroom tongue in cormorants (Jackowiak et al, 2006), Brush tongue in nectarivorous avian species (Rico‐Guevara & Rubega, 2011), toothpick shaped in the Japanese pygmy woodpecker (Emura et al, 2009), and the needle tongue (Emura, 2009), while the rudimental small nonfunctional tongue observed in the Eurasian hoopoe, ratite birds (Abumandour & Gewaily, 2019; Crole & Soley, 2010a; Crole & Soley, 2010b; Jackowiak & Ludwig, 2008; Santos et al, 2011).…”

“…The lingual nail and its membranous layer was described previously in the rock pigeon Columba livia dakhlae (Abumandour & Kandyel, 2020), that observed the presence of numerous lingual scales ringed by a thin lingual membrane in young age‐stage, while the nail formed from gathering of numerous lingual scales that bordered by thin membrane in mature age‐stage, but in adult the nail formed from 10 to 11 membranous layer that rolled without any lingual scales. However, there are 4–5 membranous layer surrounded the lingual tip and its lateral surface in squabs and 8–10 membranous layer in adult pigeon (Mahdy, 2020). Functionally from the previously published data and the current developmental study, the lingual nail has an important role in the seed feeding avian species.…”

Ultrastructural adaptation of the oropharyngeal cavity of the Eurasian common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus chloropus): Specific adaptive dietary implications

“…(Abumandour & El-Bakary, 2017). Meanwhile, only one pharyngeal papillary row were observed in some birds (Abumandour & Gewaily, 2019;Mahdy, 2020).…”

“…Some time ago, the avian tongue had more considerations from all scientists by various anatomical methods to its adaptation with the different feeding habits (Abumandour, Shukry, et al, 2021; Abumandour, Farrag, et al, 2021; Al‐Ahmady, 2016; Crole and Soley, 2010b; Jackowiak & Ludwig, 2008b; Kobayashi et al, 1998; Skieresz‐Szewczyk & Jackowiak, 2016). Over time, the anatomical researchers have resorted to investigating the oropharyngeal cavity and its adaptability with the obtainable food particles in different environmental conditions (Abumandour, El‐Bakary, et al, 2021; Abumandour, Farrag, et al, 2021; El‐Mansi et al, 2020; El‐Mansi et al, 2021; Gewaily & Abumandour, 2020; Mahdy, 2020).…”