Comparative Morphological Studies of the Stifle Menisci in Donkeys, Goats and Dogs

Abstract

The present work aims to provide more anatomical information on the stifle joint of the investigated species using computed tomography with gross anatomical cross-sections. The current work analyzed the stifle joint of the pelvic limbs of 12 adult donkeys, goats and dogs of both genders. The medial condyle of the femur was larger than the lateral one in the donkey, while it was smaller and lower than the lateral one in the goat and in the dog. The unsuitable femoral and tibial condyles were adapted by the presence of menisci. In the donkey, the medial meniscus was crescentic in shape, but it was semicircular in the goat, while in the dog, the medial and lateral menisci were C-shaped. In the donkey, the medial meniscus was larger than the lateral one, but in the goat and in the dog, the lateral meniscus was the largest, and more concave and thicker. The lateral meniscus was semicircular in the donkey, but it was shaped like an elongated kidney in the goat. In the goat and in the dog, the central border of two menisci was thin, concave and notched centrally. The meniscal ligaments included cranial and caudal ligaments of the medial and lateral menisci, and meniscofemoral ligament of the lateral meniscus. In the dog, the cranial ligament of the medial meniscus was absent, and the medial meniscus had no bony attachment to the tibia but it attached to the transverse intermeniscal ligament, which connected the cranial horn of the medial meniscus with the cranial ligament of the lateral meniscus. The meniscofemoral ligament connected the caudal pole of the lateral meniscus with the intercondyloid fossa of the femur.

Macroscopic Anatomy of the Stifle Joint in the Pampa’s Deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus-Linnaeus, 1758)

“…During the dissection, it was observed that the lateral condyle of the femur was larger than the medial one, and this is similar to goat and dog, as evidenced in the study of Abumandour et al [35].…”

“…The medial meniscus was slightly narrower and less thickened than the lateral, similar to the goat and dog, where the lateral was the largest, and more concave and thicker, contrary to the donkey, where the medial meniscus was larger than the lateral meniscus [35].…”

Morphological Comparison Between the Large Metatarsal Bone of Zebu bull (Bos Taurus indicus) and Egyptian Baladi bull (Bos Taurus Taurus): New Insights by Gross, Morphometric, and Computed Tomography

“…The gross morphology of these bones is well described in livestock with minor comparative points to the ruminants 5,7,8,12 . The gross anatomical features of these bones and their functional structure were described 1,2,4 . However, the available anatomical data about the skeletal components of zebu (Bos Taurus indicus) are scanty.…”

Gross anatomical, computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging study of the metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal joint in Egyptian buffalo(Bubalus bubalis)

“…CT and MRI became widely used in veterinary practice as modern diagnostic modalities for the evaluation of multiple musculoskeletal disorders (Keane et al, 2017;Morrow et al, 2000). These techniques characterized by the entire visualization of both bone and soft tissues without overlapping or superimposing (Abumandour et al, 2019(Abumandour et al, , 2020Kraft & Gavin, 2001). Moreover, CT and MRI are characterized by high-contrast resolution, tomographic nature and three-dimensional reconstructed images which enable better differentiation of the structural anatomical relationships (Thrall, 2013).…”