Comparative molecular analysis of strains of the Aleutian Disease Virus  isolated from farmed and wild mink

Jakubczak, Andrzej; Kowalczyk, Marek; Kostro, K.; Jeżewska-Witkowska, Grażyna

doi:10.26444/aaem/75688

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Most AMDV strains from farms are more closely related to strains from other European mink farms than strains from feral mink in Poland, and the tMRCAs span over several decades suggesting that (on the basis of the current data), it is unlikely that epidemics in farms originate from feral mink. Our results support the findings by Jakubczak et al. (2017) but are contradictory to the results from Newfoundland, Canada, where the AMDV strains from feral mink were found to be similar to the strains from local farms ( Canuti et al.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

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Diversity and transmission of Aleutian mink disease virus in feral and farmed American mink and native mustelids

et al. 2021

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Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV), which causes Aleutian disease (AD), is widely spread both in farmed mink and wild mustelids. However, only limited data is available on the role of wild animals in AMDV transmission and spread. Our aim was to shed light on AMDV transmission among wild mustelids and estimate the effect of intense farming practices on the virus circulation by studying AMDV prevalence and genetic diversity among wild mustelids in Poland. We compared AMDV seroprevalence and proportion of PCR positive individuals in American mink, polecats, otters, stone martens, and pine martens, and used phylogenetic analysis of NS1 region to study transmission. In addition, we used metagenomic approach to sequence complete AMDV genomes from tissue samples. In eastern Poland, AMDV seroprevalence in wild mustelids varied from 22% in otters to 62% and 64% in stone martens and feral mink, respectively. All studied antibody positive mink were also PCR positive, whereas only 10, 15, and 18% of antibody positive polecats, pine martens, and stone martens, respectively, were PCR positive, suggesting lower virus persistence among these animal species as compared to feral mink. In phylogenetic analysis, most sequences from feral mink formed region-specific clusters that have most likely emerged through multiple introductions of AMDV to feral mink population over decades. However, virus spread between regions was also observed. Virus sequences derived from farmed and wild animals formed separate sub-clusters in the phylogenetic tree and no signs of recent virus transmission between farmed and wild animals was observed despite frequent inflow of farmed mink escapees to wild populations. These results provide new information about the role of different mustelid species in AMDV transmission and about virus circulation among the wild mustelids. In addition, we pinpoint gaps-of-knowledge, where more studies are needed to achieve a comprehensive picture of AMDV transmission.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…2019 ). On the other hand, AMDV sequences from wild and farmed animals in Poland have been in completely separate branches ( Jakubczak et al. 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and transmission of Aleutian mink disease virus in feral and farmed American mink and native mustelids

et al. 2021

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“…The analyses of Finnish strains showed that farm strains and feral strains were mixed in the phylogenetic trees, suggesting virus transmission between farms and feral populations (Virtanen et al., 2019 ). Analyses of Polish strains, however, showed high genetic dissimilarity between the AMDV from both groups (Jakubczak et al., 2017 ). AMDV strains recorded on farms differ geographically (Kowalczyk et al., 2019 ), and this fact should be considered when analysing the circulation of the virus between farmed and feral mink: samples should be compared rather from the same region and not across the whole country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Residuals of liver virus transmission between farms and feral populations (Virtanen et al, 2019). Analyses of Polish strains, however, showed high genetic dissimilarity between the AMDV from both groups (Jakubczak et al, 2017). AMDV strains recorded on farms differ geographically (Kowalczyk et al, 2019), and this fact should be considered when analysing the circulation of the virus between farmed and feral mink:…”

Section: Residuals Of Spleenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aleutian mink disease: Spatio‐temporal variation of prevalence and influence on the feral American mink

Zalewski

Virtanen

Brzeziński

et al. 2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Pathogens are one of the factors driving wildlife population dynamics. The spread of pathogens in wildlife is currently highly related to the transmission of pathogens from farmed animals, which has increased with the constant development of farming. Here, we analysed the spatio-temporal variation in the prevalence of Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) antibodies in feral American mink (Neovison vison) populations in Poland(1,153 individuals from nine sites) in relation to mink farming intensity. AMDV was detected in feral mink at all study sites and the prevalence ranged from 0.461 in the northern region to 0.826 in the western region. Mink males and adults were infected more often than females and subadults; the infection was also more frequent during the mink breeding season than during non-breeding. The prevalence of AMDV changed nonlinearly in consecutive years and the peak of prevalence was every 3-4 years. The predicted AMDV prevalence was low at sites where the number of farmed mink was also low and increased linearly with the increase in the number of mink kept on farms. The predicted AMDV prevalence at sites with low mink farming intensity strongly varied between years, whereas at sites with high mink farming intensity, the predicted prevalence did not change significantly. AMDV infection affected the mink's body condition and caused an increase in the size of the spleen, liver and kidneys. This study shows that Aleutian mink disease strongly affects feral mink but the spatio-temporal variation of its prevalence is complex and partly related to the transmission of the virus from farmed mink to feral populations. The study highlights the complexity of AMDV circulation in feral mink populations and implicates a potential spillover of the virus to native species.

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“…Some studies have in fact performed phylogenetic analyses of the AMDV genomes deciphered by genetic sequencing. This was performed in order to develop new tools for outbreak investigation, the determination of virulence markers and development of more sensitive diagnostic tests in the future [ 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 ]. As an example of such work, Canuti et al [ 93 ] studied the evolutionary dynamics of AMDV from 2004 to 2014 using sequences obtained from many regions of the world, including North America and Europe.…”

Section: Amdv Preventative Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

AMDV Vaccine: Challenges and Perspectives

Markarian

Abrahamyan

2021

Viruses

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Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) is known to cause the most significant disease in the mink industry. It is globally widespread and manifested as a deadly plasmacytosis and hyperglobulinemia. So far, measures to control the viral spread have been limited to manual serological testing for AMDV-positive mink. Further, due to the persistent nature of this virus, attempts to eradicate Aleutian disease (AD) have largely failed. Therefore, effective strategies to control the viral spread are of crucial importance for wildlife protection. One potentially key tool in the fight against this disease is by the immunization of mink against AMDV. Throughout many years, several researchers have tried to develop AMDV vaccines and demonstrated varying degrees of protection in mink by those vaccines. Despite these attempts, there are currently no vaccines available against AMDV, allowing the continuation of the spread of Aleutian disease. Herein, we summarize previous AMDV immunization attempts in mink as well as other preventative measures with the purpose to shed light on future studies designing such a potentially crucial preventative tool against Aleutian disease.

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Comparative molecular analysis of strains of the Aleutian Disease Virus isolated from farmed and wild mink

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Diversity and transmission of Aleutian mink disease virus in feral and farmed American mink and native mustelids

Diversity and transmission of Aleutian mink disease virus in feral and farmed American mink and native mustelids

Aleutian mink disease: Spatio‐temporal variation of prevalence and influence on the feral American mink

AMDV Vaccine: Challenges and Perspectives

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